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ݸд1 
Ǻܾúܾǰһƪģ޸˷꣬ǰɾطġΪֻһطȫֻ֣ԿȫӦòࡣǺǣ 
ݱƪֻûŮˣ൱һжһֻҪ氮һ֮üѪģܵõӡûʲôضĽޣкӵǸ϶ǵʱܷΪӵǸһס 
 
鹹֣鹹磬鹹һж鹹 
ݣ1 
ɽׯ 
ݵ°ͣ˿ָ̾Ȼ󻺻ģԼĴȥӶƬֱеĿȾ˵˫գô׺ߡ 
ָص̽ 
ƣᱻݶ 
Լһƺ֮ˮأ׷˿ĺѩ뾡 
ааһЦҧСеĶˣݶȰ뾡 
ƣ𣬰~~~~ ~~~~ 
ڣţţ۵⣬ΪеʶݵԽС´Ѿ⿪Ҳ𣺡ƣҪ~ 
Щ΢ζİû취ֻܾӰһµѾڡ 
ڵ꣬ҶͥԺÿձĹΣȴ̾˿͸ǶȴֻŶˣȻ˾ôϱȽҲͲȥˡ 
һĹ򣬰ƮƮɫ󡱵ĵȻԼϵĳչˡ 
ݶҪʡ 
Ұѽһ飡ݴ˶ӵʻ 
΢ԹʼСһ֮ᣬڰͲסӵЦεӢ۴ᣬӢ˭ϴ˼ѵĲȥ᣿ 
΢΢ЦֱһƪʣĹн仰ǲʵģѵ⡰Ӣ֣ۡ 
һЦ˵ķԼмƵ꣬Ȼ뵽Լǰһĵ׵ģֻǲôӵն֡ 
̧ͷư˵ıᣬȴ̴ͷӦǡ 
 
Ӱ£һ˱ӳһǸ³ߣڿн֣죬һ֡ͿʲˣƹᣬȻЩ̲ЦݣղʯƾһƲġ 
 
мԸɫȴ˿䣬ֻǵ˺һۣҲ˵ݷվƵġ 
һĸˣףڶٺ㿴û 
˵Ҷ˴ѧȻ٣ 
˼ûͻȻԸսֵЦĹƣȻǺ֣ȴӾҲˣҺ㿪۽硣ȭһü־֮ɫ 
ЦԭǺʹߴݹ١ʧʧ 
ҺҲûʲسṦȥţ˵ʮ֮ԼѾˣ빫Ӱ˽ 
ɫһֵṦҲǸɵˣȻĽѾãͽȴʹδı棬ȴ֪Ϊλ˵ 
 
ЦֻǸССʹߣؿƿʵǺֻһΪȵˣȴ֪ŹϵʮǰһشܣԱ潻ӡ˵صȡţ˫ַϡ 
΢΢Ҫӹţȴİ˽еСթ 
Ե˹ԺЦЦ书ȻУöȥ֮ĲޣŽҰɡ 
ɫһѵϷ𣿡 
ЦǰҸˡĳһ䣬ƽûʲ˵飬Ϊ˷ֹжǰΪһ 
 
ãϷϲݺȻҪϷĻϷΪ񣬾Ϊˡ 
 
˵ӹ˺˿ҳдֽһմ˵ˮŽֽƿһۣᡭ 
 
ǡֻδ˵ͻȻһ鴤ȥ 
 
춱ɫҪǰץסֱ֣һԵĻסˣСҲж 
Ƶóʹ㿴о𣿡 
 
úڵҽУˣû˶ 
ɫƣıһ㣬ȻֽŽӲƤ֮ϸ˵ͣϵļ⣬ҲͻȻȫƣɲǰһˣѾһ 
 
Ͼδ˾䣬ʵʲᶾδ˵ 
 
ݻվ𣬳̾˶ΪȾֻǸ˲еĶѵȻû뵽ȻʮԼ 
һԵҲ̾ԭֻǸ֪Ѷ˵Ȩ˵ǣû뵽ȻˡǺǸʴȵ𣿡 
ݴһ˿ףߵѾĺߣǸĽֻǸͱ˽ĵĿܡ 
 
׵ֿʼֳ࣬ЩӺһ廨ɰûбĶ룬׼ʰϵǷš 
ȴӱϷӹһˣѻݱԶǷš 
һԼΪʱǱԱߵģȻһ㶼ûз书̫߻Ϊأ 
 
Ŀһ˭Ҫҵ 
һҹ£棬ĺȴǣֻǶԻݵ벻ţҽɪ㣬Ƿըҩ 
ֻúʬԱߴһ󡰺䡱 һҵǷһΪ˻ҽ 
 
ƶɪǽΪ˳ȥңõݣֶ˶ش˴μıʧܣ涨Ȼкܶ඾ֶΡ 
 
ɪҪɽׯţֻ»һǲܷŹǵĺӡ 
 
վһԵһݻû˴ͿˣҺ͸˵ɱɱ˵ġ 
ݣ2 
Σƽ͵ĿҲŭɫΪұĹڽ˵ұԹ޳ֻΪ겻ΪƫŶʮ֮ԼͣȴҪǸϾɱƿɲ۸ġ 
 
˵Իݵȥһº̵书 
ѧܹһչ˷ܣӦǣ 
һ䵽ɪ־ҪѵһʮֵѸһ㶼δΪֻĶ죬˵Ķ졣 
ֻݶȴδɪУȴܹմɪ½ǡһԿ÷֪ݲǴ˵Ķ֡æеݣ 
вʣȴֲΥ׵֪ȥԼҲû취ȵõֻ¡ 
 
º֣ĳҲһ¡Ӱһֻһƺߣ˶˼ 
ǺɪȻݣȴѾѪɪеݼд󼱣еƸ磬ˡѲɪǯƵѪʱһ 
ֻȻһ̾ЦݣҲҪģһСС˶սһαȫǡ 
 
ݼˣĿɪȻƲ㣬ҲĪҪ̫ˣһЩ˻⵽Ǵģ 
 
ȴݻݣĪҪҽӲһˣƴʱ㶨Ҫô˻ܡ 
˵꣬һЦ֪ͨԷ뷨ľģðӳ졣 
ݺ˫׵Цеĺ壬еҪһ 
ݶЦɵӣˣ˭ΪǱأʵԭ˵ǣɵӣֻҪúûǾͺܿˡǧҪ𡣡ֱ֪ĸԣᶨȻֻ仰ȥǸҲΪһ仰ŵ˽ĽڣֻϣܹƸһȲ˵ĻܺһҲ׻һˡ 
ʹͬ춾һ֮ǰͻԶ˴ȵݶݶ 
 
ô˻ᣬݵִɪǯѣֻһָɪſȥɪҲ㣬־ץ 
ݣ3 
׵һֻϵǶɫĸĦ¸졣 
ĶҩûʲõģرΪץҩˣеĶҶûõġһ㶼˿ʱľȡʵûбҪ棬ǰЩѾûʲˡ 
ݵһμܹĶҩˣɪ˵ıԶǶЩе¡ 
ĽкƣǲǰҵСݶˣҪȻ᲻ɳң 
ֻ߽һҲӣɽׯеĹ죬ôɤţҲһûˡ 
ݼˣЦӭȥһǾȱˣҲȷʵϲǰˡ 
ɳ壬ãҵץˣݶȾȵ 
֪ɳѩ书ߺܶ࣬ϣɳ֣С飬ɳֳֻ֣ɳܹñסݶС 
ɪʱĵһͶһ㻹ָܰ𣿡 
 
ʱӷܳĸ꣬ЩҲǾɫ϶һĺֳֳת۾ͰɳѩΧˣȴǿҵɱ⻹Ҫ˵ 
ԭԱ֣ǾȻҵѶϷŹ𣿡 
֪ԼĴЦڱԼ书ǿУҲ˵һҫ 
ЦУɪ˽Ҷⳡذܵսɪɪ죬ɪݣͷҲδָ̧һֻ͡һʲᶫƵ塣 
ƻûнɪ͵ˣλÿĻ䡣 
ȻݵļУ 
Ȼ˱ľģۼԼǰĻʹĽ 
Ƹ磬ܶаš 
еľɪ֪ҧԾɲУɪ缲ĵݵѨ 
˾ͽˣҪڣҪȻ˸ǵĳͷԼҲ֪ĽᣬɪʧڣĿƵ¡ 
ɳѩսʮ࣬ĸУһ˿ܻҪչս鲻ݣࡣ 
һӰЦҳ뵶⽣ӰУֻһöıصĸеĽȻ˲䶼˵ϡ 
п·˿ǵĲǸʮ꣬Ȼݡ 
ּ죬һɫһɫ磬ʮӢǰĸĵȻͬϻһֻ֮ҲЩͬͬ 
ݣ4 
ʧ˱ŭĿӣҲǣֻһĿݡ 
 
ɳѩþˣչһЦλСֵСȴ˵ãлľ֮ˡ 
üһ˭˵ҪģֻǼûãҪãе㲻ͷˡ 
˵꣬źûɳѩ壬ɳѩû뵽ǵˣ죬ǵľֽշʱѾˡ 
һץ𱻰˲ܶɳѩѥһѷذףҺЩĺÿĵˣ˵ôأ 
˵üͷҲɳѩʻһģ 
ذɳѩӹĲȴѪȻɳѩ 
ݼ״嵽ɳѩԣֻɲǼᣬǡվֱ˵ 
ĵѣ˻ɳ徿кγޣҪ´˶֣ 
 
ֵĿݴЦҺԩޣ˭˵һҪгܹɱˡҪҵȤҪٺܶࡣдЦȴǱ䣬ȫޱ顣 
 
ȻͰҲɱ˰ɣ 
 
Цһɱ㣬µˣĥ˵¾ͻرĸǡ 
 
˵ͻȻ˼ֶ֣˺öÿ϶ʬ塣 
ݿ̧Щʬ屻ĶѷǰĿᣬ 
ʱ˵ҵݶӺԲΪһĴ۶ġ 
ڿɽׯе˶ʬĶǰ޵ģԼ־һ˳ 
ˣЦ᲻ֵǮΪ˼˾Ϳ޳֡ 
Ŀһת˼̧ˣиǱʹ֮ŭֻ̧֮֮ĶҪǸռĲҲľΪˡ֪ЩˡȾ֮ˡ 
ݿЩ˶˭ʱǱʹȣ˼ĽΪϰڼҹѾã˸е˺һ˺ѷΡ 
Ϊг˿ЩС۰岮ǣСһһͺͻݲСкʹûݼʹ 
һСһ㣬üĿǸеƣһҲǸˡ 
ǺСһ𳤴ĳĶûи߳ϲ縸׶Եİһ㣬ǷĪȡġǳһѾ 
ĳģᣡ 
߽ǾݵǻоĵԵˮϵĻ䣬û¶ȣĳû£ֻҪóůǳֻˣݽıŻеʬƵĴЦ 
ЦһᣬоеʬκεֿʼޣĳĳˣҲЦˡ 
е᲻ʣƺѾոɡ 
ҪܾˣҪ 
ϲҲϲԼõģΪ˲ԼȥӴȾĶ˵ղҲף᲻ˣ㲻Ǻϲ𣿡ɲǼı飬ֵʡ 
ǻ˱ʧݲ٣ҲҪȴڲͬһתɳѩֱֱ˵ĺ⡣ 
µĺ˼̫ԾݰΧȥ 
5ݣ5 
˵ʱ٣ʱ죬û뵽ȴһʬгһѵѸٵǿ˹⻮ԲȦ,Χ˵. 
û뵽Ķŵ꣬˾˵æȥֵҲ벻£ݾȻҲʹ˶ܵ˲һҩۣסʱѵ͵һһ䣬˵ķͷϷɹͺһֻĴƵģ͵ӳɽׯΧǽ 
ʵ̫ĳǵˣͺǶһ¡ 
˹ҧ׷ 
ֻǣããȻĴӣ޾ͷ֣ѾҲκεӰˡ 
 
ĸУһ¶ϲɫϸò̻˰ɣǰɥĲҽС 
ʵδԶֻǵϵԱ߼«έɳѩ˺ 
 
ֳֻ߳·׷ 
 
һ˵пܵˮ 
ŭջֲǴӣжȥˮҰɽˣͲҲ 
 
ԶȥĽŲҧҧˮϳɳѩɽׯȥȻΣգʧȥߵˣζҩֻҪõҩɳоˡ 
Ȼׯ˶ߵòˣǻ˼ݶѸٵĵǼ˯Ѩɳѩɽׯĵһо˵֣һᣬЩҪᡣ 
Ϧ£һƬֻðռеλѰⶾĵҩһֻҩᣬɳѩιˡ 
ݿɳѩǱٵ˵Ŀգ뵽ʹȻҲһָܹò˱˵İ˼ 
ΧһƬڰݾЩƣ룬Ҫ˯ȥԺУ⴫һŲŲأÿһŶܲ˵ģһ˹ߵſڡ 
 
ţᾭƿݻǱɳѩںڰУҲ 
 
ֻӰһ˽㣬ߵСȴǧ 
 
վ 
6 
ݾֻ˷ֳ˱᳤˹ŽŲǰأ˿̽ȴƮչαܿһǳɵɱ֣ӳ̡ 
 
һȵɱ˿ħ֪ҵ֣ 
̾˿͵ǲʲɱ˿ħǻݡݸ簡 
 
һŵһٷ磬֮֮𡣡 
 
һ˵Ŀݵ۾ߵˡ 
룬Ҹղӱ׷ɱˮ·ˣͷҲһңֲҪ˿ҡ 
ȷʵݣһǵСʱϲһγֲȥΪܵһޱء 
磬ǻ磬˵˼ΣȻ춹ȵı˵ȥˡ 
֪ǰԺĳͬʱһѾˡ 
˵ȽϺһ㡣 
˵ıӳ͵ʹһ޺ͣһ㣬ֻЩܵίڻݵĻ﷢й 
ݱӳ̣ûӵȼһյƣƹ£ֻ㲣۾ѿ޺죬Ȼ˱ʹȴܵɵôģݣɫҲǿһֵ᣿ҵˣȴ֪Ǳ˭ģҳȥˣһȥʱ˼ҲˣǼûһˡֱҲŷʬ塣 
 
ݿӳƺһűǿģݳ̾ףҲ֪˵ʲźá 
ӳȴֽӵ᣿㻳ҾȻѿ޹ˣһ·Ҳ֪Ѿ޹ٻˡֻм֮ᣬҲžòٿˡ 
 
ʵΪʲҪΣ 
 
ӳ̵Ϊҵ⣬й˼ҶѪϴˡûˡ˼ȻûˣƲһˣÿӶһĹǵļңҵļҲˡÿζֻҵõʬͥԺȴһ岮ÿεʧҶһΡֻû뵽еˣѾˣҲûˡ 
 
ݲȻԣص˶ڣ˵жħȷʵĪˡ 
 
ӳĿãȻƹ⣬ʵ֪˭𣿡 
ݣ7 
ݴȻҲ֪˾ʲ֣֪ǺĽ 
ӳƵûУ 
ݴͷȻûС 
ӳ̵㼴ûмҲ֪֣Ҳ֪˭𣿡 
ݻȻ̧ͷֻҪڣҾһܰҳѩޣ 
ӳ̵Һһȥ 
 
ĬȻΣ૵һȥɣҪһ⵽׷ɱӵķģҲܹ㡣 
 
ӳĿȻҪѵҲҪ㲻ѵ𣿡 
ݻնݳҲǴȥˣǸˣ鵽˵زҲǲŹҵġ 
ӳ̵㻹ǲҪҸ𣿡 
ݲЦʲᶼûˣǲҪֻܵ˺ 
ӳȻҸˡǻӵȽϰȫɡ 
 
ݵ֪һطȽϰȫ 
ӳ̵ʲط 
 
ݵӢ۴ᣡ 
 
ӳĵã㵽Ҷ㡣 
˵˰˵ɳѩһᵽɽׯĶ᷿˻ص˻ݵķ䣬սţӳ̽һڻݻ档 
ݼСʱ򣬳˳谮ӳˡıݵ壬ȴ룬ĻгǸöá 
ӳ̵һɣ 
 
ݽؿڵûС 
ӳ̻ҡҡͷ֪ϲҲϲ㣬û㽫һҪȡģֻˣּң 
 
ݵ㡭 
 
ӳ̴ҲҪֻҪϻһܰҾͿˡתӣ˽ȥ 
̾Ҳ֪ʲоֻǸոʧȥ˳ҵҲЩˡȻԸңҶǻúðġ 
ӳĿҧҧ촽ֺαƭңҾͲңԸȡ𣿡 
ֻʣҺˣͬǿˡȡҲǶȥиǵԸ⣡ 
˵ǰ§סӳ̣ȥȴܴ氮 
 
ӳǸоûмͬҲûаͻȻվҧеſҡſҡһָҾɱ㡣 
̾˿㲻˵Ҫ޸ַˡ 
ӳ̿ɬһЦ˲ͷĵֲΪҲҪȡҵģֻǰҵΰˣθļ޸㡣 
ӳ̣Ҳһܰ簮һ㣬ҷģҾԲίġϸݷġ 
˵ᣬֻǰȻһЦ磬㣬ҹǾͳװɡ 
˵ݣݡ 
磬ǵĸĸѾˣǾΪĸݹǳˣˡ˵꣬˵ĺΡ 
ɬӣݲЩĶϾѪյ꣬һѱӳ̵»飬ȴҪһܿࡣ 
ӳҡҡͷɬ˵ֻҪܺͻһʲᶼں 
·ʼĻ䣬ݿǹǸе͵£Ե˵İʼӿ 
磬Ҫ𣿡 ӳ̻ݣĽ·. 
ݣ8 
ݼǰ˳һѱס᲻Ҫ㣿 
£ͬһ˺δѩ壬һıĳ˻⣬Լɿʼ̵תл춿Ϊץס˴ůֽϵľѨʼʱͷԼ 
µҲ⵽ʱͷ 
ͷѾˮʪӳ̿ݵݸ磬ҪǵĺӣΪµѪ 
ݵ˵ͷԸΪ𣿡 
׳Ϊʹҹ 
ӳЩеĵһݸһĻ䣬ҵߵĻ֪ݸҲһ㰮ҵġ 
ݵɵϣѾǳˣ㻹Ҫʲ֤ءҶǻúðġ 
ӳûгڻݵҧһڣҧԼСĴָָ˿棬˵Ѫں֮ᣬָüĻһӣմѪСĴָ棬ֻüһ⣬˿漣ˡ 
һ֮ᣬӳ̵üݸһ죬ΪԵĿԶƭ㣬ԭ𣿡 
Ϊӳ̽ƭңùأ 
ӳ̵˸ӱеİˣڻݻеͺá 
һĥѵˣڻӵߡ 



 




ǴҲѾԶȥʱ 
˫ʱһžԲܳǰǰ 
ŵʧе㲻Ѿ𣿡 
ƶ΢ЦԸ𴲾˵ֲĻجΰɡ 
ϿһۣӵСҲˣ͵鶼ˡϴһ£ٳɡ 
Եӳʵӳ̣һ飬Ҳе˶ˣ㿴ѽ 
ӳĬȻЦݸ磬㿪ʲЦҸ״ͣ˵ܾòǰ㷿кһ˯ûἱ 
˵·ͳȥˡ 
ݴæĴ·˳ﻹ챻Ѫϴӡ 
ֻɽׯַǷſڻҪϲµӡѵֻһجϸһɽׯȻ࣬ûһϤףһǶħĹƣ뵽ͷһǵӳ̶ֻеһ 
ץһˣʵ׼˭ϲ£ 
˵үⲻӵĻ𣿡 
ݾһӳ̵Ļ£˭أѵû 
ӳΪҪƭʲԡ 
˼㱼䣬Ѿ˷䣬ϲĴۡʱ򿴼˴Ӵ߹ɪһ 
ɪ 
ʵ˵ǸˣʹϵĺûˣҲϵĳ㣡 
ɪҲϣȴĻͲҪܣΪĿǷѾ˼СرĴۻġһ˵꣬ʹ˳ȥǴס˵Ļݡ 
 
ֻ˽еүҪʼˣɿ 
ΪЩʲ᣿Щ˵ʲĿģݻЩʣá 
9ֻò֣ɫϲһҹ֮Ѿû䡣ľϯϣĶЩʶˡ 
̺һߣõľͷĵ͸ףľȻǸٸ׵Ļһ죬ǣһ漴ˮ 
ݼ״֪Ѿˣӵȷǰ˾ԲǸס 
ɪһԹվ֮ᣬýе˳أ 
ӳ̻Ĵˡ 
ǰһץ˺ʵӳ̣ΪʲҪƭңѾݹˡ˵Ѿˣ˵Ҳˣ˵ҵ㶼ҵġӳһпԵģֻҪԭھһߡ 
ӳ̧̻ͷĿ峺ˮ˵ģҼʱ˵⻰ǿҪң㲻Ҫ𣿡 
ݻȻתĿӳ̣ӳԭҲһⷵģԭֶƭҵģѵ㲻ҪΪ𣿡 
 
ʱӾϯλ߳һˣȻ磺СӣȻû棬ɺôҲҰҶѾˣҶ 
ݶ岻̫췢ʲجΣҲˣλӢ۲Ҫ֡ 
һֻ˶дʱӳǰѨ 
 
ݿӳ̲ƭҲͰˣΪҪң 
 
ȴӳ̵λǰѾݸˣʹʱ֪òᣬе֢һǰԸ޸ġ˵ʲ軰ҲǰǼ£ 
ҼӳԸ޸һӣֵþ壬Ȼ˵ĶƽˣЩϲƵҲͲ˵ʲˡ 
ݼ״ЦǾҷ裬᣿Ƕҷ裬᣿ 
ӳ̼״Ѩڼ͵Э£ᣬ˶ 
˷ᣬӳ̶Իݵһ⿪Ѩֻ֮ᣬ㲻ҪҲҪԭʲʲȥɡ֮ǰ˵Ļ͵ûңɽׯǧҪӦϾͷ㡣 
ӳ̼Ҳͷֻ̾Ҫܲ͵ͷɣ 
ݻĵ˵ͷ 
ӳ̰Ѩ⿪ˣͬʱ˵㶫߰ɣҪˣҲ֪һжͬˡ 
ݹȻûӴȥ 
ӳ̼ʧﻨӰ£Ѿ档 
ɪʱ˽뻳޾Ϳ޳ɣŹģ 
ӳɪĻʹʵݲû뿪뵽ڶ᷿ɳѩ,ĶӦҲѾ,ߵǼ䷿ȴ沢ûʲڡ 
תһ룬ЩΪڶȻҲǲŹɳѩġɳ书ǿȻѾˡ 
Ҫ뿪ʱȴ˸ӵĵط˵͵͵ 
˹ȥûйʵŷ￴һĳ壬֮оȻһĵ 
ȱһİ˵ļ,˵ڵڳݾþ˵һֻ۾ȻǺɫģкɫȼҪһеĿȡʹҧľȻʹ࣬תͷڿʱһȻ޵Ŀ 
Ͼǹģݶ˵ڱڰţݣߣݿӣӵħҲĵطӣ 



 




ס˳ȥĳ嶯һɳɽׯɽׯԵĺӱߡ 
ˮǹҫ£ԵʮֹԶݿڷ΢ˮҪԼܹĻˮ׳ߣҲǼ¡ 
ͷϮԺʱӭ˸꣬վϵ۾ 
ʵΪʲᵽҿ 
ҳûмͶˣǺ棬ҼһҵȻҪúõĿ 
̾˿ˣ 
Ҽ˶ܶĻµˣҶҰɱġҲܶ໵𣿡 
ݿЦûʲỵ£ȴл˸Ƶɵľˣ 
곯ЦһΪʲأԭ㾹ȻɱĻ˶硣 
ֵʣﲻˣ 
ȴǻлȴûС뵽ʲ飬۾һɣȥ£Ȼɱ㣬Σ˵Ҫÿɱ˲ſԻؼҡڵĻ书ԽԽˣѾûлؼˡ˷ˡ 
ǿ飬룺ԼʲᶼûˣҲȷʵֵáȥǶƴƴûʤ㣬ͺһȥһҲã׻˵ӱʮ겻 
뵽˵ͷҸȥҲȥ£Ұһɱˡ 
аˣҲʲᣬ־ǰߡ 
ݣ11 
γ 
رؤڳſڱ 
˵رΪһ˵·Ȼȴ£ӶϺõĶӡһ·ؤˣȴܾ·̫һ㣬¶ĺɫ¡ 
ֵܲס 
վס 
û뵽ǸСһؤקվסҾվסˣǺܶؤӣ 
ԱߵؤȴûĻֱߡ 
سŵĹٱǴûؤͶҲʲгìһᣬסǵȥ· 
Сһؤæеݸ磬۸ң۸СҲǶˣɱǣҾͿԻؼңüˣ 
ԭǻݺǸꡣ 
ɽׯγǽɽߣɽׯγǱһվͿԵ·̣ݺȴ졣 
պݾߣտʼҲûĿĵϹתơдǵˣ˿ 
ȻһɱģݾúЦѹڻز˼ҡ 
춣ˣԻݵӵģҺܶȥҶ԰ɡ 
ݾҽݣӵġ 
겻ͷĵҹʲᣬҪҼûгԵģҲûҵɱĻҾɱԡ 
ҲĻϣʵССͿɱˣտɱˡ㵽ɱˣ 
ֻɱǴס꣬û뵽Ǻڵ꣬ҾͰǼҵϰСɱˡҪǼĻ˰ɡΪʲϻأ 
˵꣬˾ͲӰҪ׷ȥʱֻǰӰһֻˣССϿһͷҰ 
῾Ұ𣿽ˣ˵ԱһܣһֶЩҰӡ 
˵ûһ㽭书ȴǳĸߡݵ֪жˣԸȥɱ𣿡 
ȻǶҳ극ͺһȥ㻹ȥʰ񣡡 
Ū˰죬㴫ŨŨĿζԵĽζ߳Ա˵ҽתˣ˸῾ˣжɱȻȥɱˣ 
ݵɽׯ 
꾪İⶼˣȥǲȥģ 
ݻعͷΪʲͲȥˣ 
ݣ12 
иܿµˣ˵첻µزµģȴֻұµҪµġ 
Ĭˣ⻰ȴƺǶħʲԨԴˣֻԼˡ 
̾һҰɣܸʲ𣿡 
ҽЦڼеھţǶҾŶֻеЦҲЦɣϲ˽Цǵ֡ 
ݵЦ׼ȥ 
ЦǸˣҲ֪˵͵ɡ 
һᣬЦĹĵĶӵԱˣ߰ɣ 
ʱȴԶ˼ٵĽŲΪɽׯ˷ģȴû뵽ЦҪţæһԾǾȻЦһ֮ѾԱߵһô⡣ 
˵߶ȣԼҲϵˣѾڣЦҲķңȴ䶼û䡣 
аǰṦһΣҲ֪л㡣 
ЦĽŲԶȥһζûо㣬Щ˲ץģץҵġǳûз֣ߡ 
˵ЦҼӴܡ 
ӳ֣Ц˸θɾĵط˻ݾ͵£ˣȻҪ͸ҵͷɡ 
ҲȻݴӦ˯ 
¹رЦͷĻҲ˯ϸĴǰֵꡣǰû֣ԭĵĹͷƤ¹ҫЩ͸ϸϸĽëڰС壬ȴװǿҵĻ±ӳ̸ӵɡݾЩһˣֻһʱȴҲǲˡ 



 




ϡʱҲֻеҫǱȥ˹ʵ΢ 
ò˯˵Ļȴ˯˾Цˡ 
۾ȴһؤǸؤҲЩˣʱ峿ĺɪɪΪΨһһܱ·ҲѾˡȴﱧԹؤ׳·ȥ 
ؤ·Ҳǲλӣؤ·Ҫ 
ݼ״εԲȥ·ɣ 
ؤа׻ãҲ˵ʲˡĵãӡϲصˡ 
תͷʵЦʲ᣿ 
Цüͷߵǰ־Ϳʼ˺· 
ݲڸʲ᣿ 
13 
ЦܲһؤɣȻҪˣȻҲҪһؤġ 
Цۣ߰Ҳȥ˺ˡ 
·˺ĺƲƵģЦǲ⣬üǼȥؤɣ 
˵꾹ĴڻĽҰؤˣԭһ죬Ҳûҵ 
ϣЦԼҪ˯ˣʵΪʲһҪؤ 
Цǿ˯ˣԺ˵İɾؤˡȻ˶һݬ룬һлˡֻҪɱŸˣõˡ 
ĵҲԼĵһȻԼҪʱܾȳԼĵأ 
ΪԼԶʮԶγǵĻݣڵϣ 
죬Цִһؤ 
ؤðҪڵĶ࣬ȴͬ͸Ź֣ΪᣬҲӢΪһؤ˵δе̫ˡ 
ЦĶǸؤ棬档 
ǸؤҲĿЦȻţͷĶԻ 
Ц·ܺã 
ؤֺܺã 
˶ʲϡ䱦һĶԼҪĶ 
ؤ˵֣Цֿȥʱɵһ˫ֺ͵ľȻ˵ֻгҩвУ޺ȴ 
˼ʱѾ˼غϵˣֻЦЦ书̫ˣҴ򲻹㣬ֻϵֻҺϲ·ҲҪˣҾˡ 
ֻЦ˵򲻹ȴѾѱ˵Ķ˹ 
ؤȴҲգͬЦұⱦһû쾹Ȼ˶Ը޸ҡ⵹Ǽ¡ 
Ц۾شģЦ˵ؤֻԱܰٶܣǿɰһֱҪġ˵Ҫֻܵ˾Ҫ޸ƫƫҾͲǡҪֻܣֲ޸˵죿 
ԭ꾹ȻؤҲ˵˸ר͵ʯܵĵƤֻҪûˣܲ˵ûϣ 
14 
ЦеŹֵĿ꣺΢Ѿˡ๫Աߣ˵Դ𣿡 
΢ЦҲ޵óȥ᣿ҿǱƭ˵ġˣȻͲҪˡʱҽˡ 
Цؤ룺ԭʶģֻǲ֪ȻʶؤΪʲҪȥؤ· 
ȴЦҪ΢ߣȻм£͸Ͽߣ㲻Ҫ߱ңҲͲʱˡҪˣȻġ 
΢Ȼʮֵ˵ͷЦҲ˵ģֻǣ˲֪𣿡 
 
˵ֻ꣬ʹһ㣬ƮԶ 
 
ԶȥӰ˿ǿԼ·ˡֻǺЦദԽǾãҲԽӵ÷ء 
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Цϸľ 
һѽЦʺ 
ûжһǰѽ̴Цʺ 
ȻЦֻʶ죬Ҳ֪ʲˡǶŹֵ꣬ĪĺøУֺøվ 
 
ЦýӣȴһҲš 
ЦЦ·ڵΣֻһЦ顣ЦûдȴҪɱ˵ 
ЦЦˣǸȴʼЦˣЦػȻ鴤ķת˷ 
ݷӦʱǸ˵ĽѾԼʺ 
Ѫ˳ 
ЦȴѾԤϵһˣ̾ϢòһˣȴĴˡ 
ݲⲻɱ𣿡 
Цü㣬ɱ 
ЩɬĴµЦ 
ЦȻ֪ЦҲ֪ⶾ 
ҡҡͷ̾Ϊʲز˼ˣֻΪ㲻ؼҡ 
ЦǱ˵£ﾹȻңû˵ĵطﶼǼҡ 
ݼģ֪ԼõҪǰοȴʱΪͷֳľܰףܰףһİףϸϸ·ֻҪһͻ˰ϸľܼһЩ˵ı 
ٻݵıͱˡ 
ϣǰģϣ֣Ŀֻںܶˡ 
֪ðģֻҪ˶ðġ 
Цҵĵطﶼļҡ 
ݲԾ˵ԼҲΪʲҪ˵Ļ 
Цеⲻˣ̧ͷݣ᣿ 
ݼᶨ˵ģ 
ЦҡͷĳҲ˵Ļ᣿ӳҲ˵Ļ᣿ 
15 
ȻĬ 
Цȴͬϵ˵ͱ䡣 
ЦЦˣЦˣЦ۵ףǺƭ˵˵Ļ㶼档뱨ҿ㻹ȥˣ 
ݵıһ£˳ֻǰ˴ 
ȷʵ뱣ģʹԼ书ǲĺܣ뱣֡ 
ʱЦͻȻֲЦˡʱ۾˷ܵĹâᣬ˵ĵ㸣кöˣ˵ݾܡ 



 




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ǰһëף̺ĶݾЩֲʵֻĻҲϿɰԲ壬ԲĶ䣬Բ۾ 
ֻҲδ̫һ㣬ڵϣ֣ˮӿ 
òʱЦȴһĻ 
ЩСļֻģֻǻݿЩԲﶼ˷ŭףҲЩë 
Ǵ̼һɫСǺɫĶ·ķ⣬һһݿôסˡ 
ȴЦеŵף죡 
˵Ǵ̼ⷸӵǷۺɫĽ¶˻ݵǰ 
ֻ˼¡ 
ֻǸ̼Ť˼£ʲᶫЦסˡЦһ󼱳ۡ 
֪Ц«ʲҩĻֻбǣߵķݡ 
·ЦǺɫĶƿȻѩ׵Ĺ⣬ͻһ˳ˡƹĶûʲζȴޱȡһ·ϣ֪ЦռЩʲϣŹֵĶĻ춺Цڵ쵽γǵĳſڣȴЩ 
֪ЦֻⷢӵЩҲԹ˵ļߡ 
ǰЦĳìȴʱˣûĶˡ 
ûж֡ 
ЦҲûж֡ 
ȻҲԼŪϵġ 
ֵĿ˵Ǹˣֻһֻһֻܴ 
һѺСɵذףذֻĻ˵ֻɨì 
˵ǰذףһҲ֡ 
ȻŴˣЦͻݴҡڵĽ˳Ƕû 
ݲپȣԴӺЦһᣬ֪ûʲǲܷģԴеָΪᣬҲѾ֪ʲоˡ 
************* ******* ******* 
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γȴȻ֡ 
γ˺ܶ࣬Ժ֡Щ˶ȥӢ۴ˡȥӢ۴˱ķֻ᳡ͨԣܵĵȥǵ 
˵Ӣ۴ķֻ᳡жЩرˣлм绪ˡĵˣɫĵˣĵ˶ˡ 
ȻҲЩ߽޵ˣЦݡ 



 




16 
ȣʮ꣬ε֮һУ硣 
粻һѽҲһѵһְû˼ӣΪӵ˶ѾٿˣԶٿڵġ 
ʮ꣬緢ͣοε֮һ֪Լٵģ֪Լǿµһ㡣ϲþWκֻһˣһԸ󻶵ˡ 
ȴʱڽƵǸ˸Ź 
Ƶ꣬˼壬ľƵ꣬ƵʢƵҲġ 
ƣγǵزܶΪ˺һƴԶֻΪգǱΧƵֻڽƵвܸܵ 
Ⱥƣ棬ԣһWĿͶ⡣ 
ͻȻȿؤؤĶ棬ԵǼȴƤû̧һ¡ 
ȷǧһЦ䲻˵ǣȴҲʹþ¥е˶ס˺мĿӷĿ·ϣϾͰ˵ 
Ŀ⣬ȷû˵۾⡣ 
Ƶһܶ࣬ȴӣҶƷƵģ˵ģֻҪһе˶ 
***** ******************** 
ֽˣһһ׵ˣĿ 
ֻ˿Ҳûٶ࿴һۡ 
ǸӣͽǸӰһ㣬ҼǰᣬͶȵ۹̵һ롣 
һԲȵˣ˵ȵģմ¶ĺİģǸ˵ְºѩе÷İ 
Ǻ˵ûȣֻǰˡ 
ֻǺ˶԰ɶ֪ϲγǽƵĽƣҴˣ᣿ 
˶Ľǰ˰ȴǰȴȻ˭˵ˣҸˣͰҵܷܵˡ 
ԭ˾Ȼǰļ˽ٳˡ 
ȴڴʱ˵£˵Žң 
ֻһűֽƬȣᱡֽƬûǰУɼ˵Ĺж 
Ҳ⣬ϸϸһģž˳һָǸþƵ˶һ㣬ղҲһܵһɶ 
ȼĿѾﵽҪˣȴھǸµǰͣס˽š 
17 
ȶǱµЦҪ鷳᣿Ȼˣǿӣͻ᣿ 
⻰Ȼ˼У˼Ŀԡ 
¿飬Цȥ 
ǰ˴ĵӢ۴жЩǿʲṫԿԡ 
¼ãæɶҲֻһùǿҪȻһӶҡҶĻԸ޸ң뿪ҵĻȻǲǿġ 
ǰ˶㿪ĵܵġ 
ģæСϾƲˣ˼ƾˣ书ǿ԰˵ĶռǿΪСﻹҶ࿴һۡ 
Ȼвµˣһк¶˵ˡ 
ϧƯˣֻǱԴȵؤĽϰСǸ̾ 
һҪ֣ü֪Ҳȥˡ 
µҲסԹ˵ĸķɶƣǸСؤ 
ǷǵСؤϿҲֻЦһˡ 
ǲֵԸ񣬱ԽǲԽҪ֡˵ĲУԵȥɨ˰˪Ŀ 
˱Сؤ˵ᱡﻹסֻ˫һӸҪɨЦ壬ΪСһСؤⲻҲ׼ȥʱ 
ȴΪЦֹ֣ͣ˹ƣʧ 
Цæգգ۾ȻҺǸ𣿼ȻҵˣǾͰ͸Ұɣ 
֪ԼϴǼȻϣԼҲûʲ취ߣֵĻĿܰѰ׷Ҫȥ治ֺˡ 
¶СһҪϴߣ 
СҪˣ̵İѾӣҴҵĴ׷ɾˡ 
ЦˣúûȤλ 
ʵղΪκӣ 
ЦͷҪʲõһؤ𣿡 
֪˵Ҳ׷ˣȻ¹Ź֣ϾԼࡣѵ˺ԼͶԵ˵ĵѾЩϲƽ⡣ 
Ц׷ʣ̧ͷĵ䲻ʣȴҲѾЩˣ᣿ 
ûȻݻشã棬ѵһẦ𣿼ʹƭ㣬ҲǾԲẦġ 
ݼ˵ίæΣʹҲǲġ 
˵⻰ʱȴѾƫЦûȥ룬Ϊʲӳƭ;ԭ¡ǰ֪꣬ѾƭˣüʹɱˣҲĴ 
Ц˵棬Цˡ 
ģֲˣĴ֢ġ 
ȴǰ׵ļ̬һЦʻ˵ȴһ˵Ծ˵ﻰЦҪ㳤ƯЩˣ 
Ц˵ȴһȻᴹ׵˭ҳĲÿأĴӡ 
18 
꣬ϵѾû 
γǵɡûùƺһܹϽһġ 
ϰˣЦ绨׻ӣֽῪģϰµһⷼƿϰЦˡ 
ϰⷼ˵ϲЦ𣿡 
ⷼƴĵ˵ͷ 
ϰ׬ӣұЦ㿴᣿ 
ⷼҲЦˣ㲻ЦҲϲ޵ӸÿѵΪ뿴ޣӦðӶ𣿡 
ϰⷼ˵ҪӾȻҲҪߵػȾơ 
ⷼƵ񣿡 
ϰʲң 
ԭϰͽн 
ⷼüͷϲӣҰҵĶ㡣ϲӣϲȽƣұ㿪Ƶ꣬˵Ҫɡҹ׼ֽɡ˵֣ҰԼѵΪֻҺһԼľ᣿ 
һ£׵ıҧҧ䣬һЩġ 
Ц磿 
Щˣҡ 
Ҫصʱ򣬴˽һ˫֡ 
һ˫֡ 
ڽҲûʲ𣬵˫ȴý۾һ 
ܴһԪԪеĹ⣬Ϊ⶧Ԫųġ 
һɡȴ 
ӹӵݳһɡȴڿɡʱ÷һǸ㻹ÿҲϣŹֵߣҲϣŹֵĻҪϼ޲ųȥҪǼ޲Ҿ͸ȢһҪȡͰˡ 
˴ҲߵԶԶģֻ˵ǽܡӨӨγܷһֻǺϡ٣ʹҲǲĽġҲǺõġ 
Ƣǳĺõģر֮ᣬΪϲӣ˵ΪһӾͻܺáеľӣΪγǵˡ 
ýĺ֮ˣһƿڴֻһǾĶЦ 
19 
Ǻˣûǽÿȴʹ²ţʮֲŹ۵ĶڽȴǺġûгòеκ˶Ȳϵķɣֻһ͹˻ζá 
ȻЦˣȻҲһߡ 
ݿӣԼĵȻ˵ģǰǻģ۳˶ûһ󣬵֪ͬһˣӿĵһ۾֪ǶΪһУһеˡ 
Цɡ͸˼Ļݵȥˣ·ǱͲʶ 
ݵǲ㲻˵ÿɱ˲ŻؼҵúӼҡ 
Цֻƭ᣿ܶǲܿġ 
С૵ûл㣬ֻԼŹְˡ 
ЦֻûأҪȻľ͸ˡɡˣǿ߰ɡ 
ݸҪߵʱȴסˣЦҪҲԣȸҸ˼ˣ 
Ц̾˿֪һĺ£ҪɨسţҲ͵Σɶ㷢˶ѡ̾ҪҼ֪ûҪиؤ벻Ҫӣ;˻޸Ҽ޼漦ޣؤؤ᣿ 
һûʲỰ˵ˣۼЦͻҪߣվЩ֪룬ʱһֽɡסϵϸꡣ 
ǺӴˣԼԼտʼ㲻ÿ³ȥɱ˲ܻʱΪ㲻Ҫˣʵĸİɡһĵġ 
ǰ˵Ҿȥһĵ· 
ģЦȻЦǲͬġЦıǺõģЦһһģԴҶϲ 
˵ͷҼЦмЩˣϾЦһʱǱ߳ġ 
㲻Ҫ뵽ǸˣҵˣҲ׼ 
һĴЦԸҰײˣǻȥɣȾơ 
ڽ߶ҲȾƣֻ㣬Ѿܾˡ 
20 
ɷˡ 
뿪ɽׯѾаˣ뿪죬죬γǵ꣬꣬ܶණûб䣬ʵȴǱ˵ģһġ 
ЦԽԽǾ뿴Цῴȴֽ࿴һ۵Ϊκ˿Цʱ򶼾ԼЦκα鶼˸оϢرЦЦʱ 
ЦҲڿݣԽԽ˵ֻ˵š 
Ц֪Ҳֻܹݣļ֮ᣬĶһһĺ֣ţοԼ궼ǿܶࡣЦ֪ԼǺϲݵģȻмһĴ㣬ҪʰŲſԡЦ֪Լܿͻᱻץȥ͸ҪûбԼſԣ˲䣬Ц˸ȥ͵ 
ٲݽܺãһγǻĻ֮뵽˵ԼĽٲݱЩĲɡ 
Ҫصˣ˵ƬǼٲݴͷ˽š 
ϴһյĵٲݵζƿһ㣬ܡ 
Ǵ󵨵С͵԰ٲݵĸʹЦȻҪıҩιһİˡֻǼȻЦߵģʹҲòˣֻǲ֪ЦҪʲᣬϣҪȥΪˡ 
ٲʰҩ¨ɽ 
ա 
ղһ˵֣һһɫ 
յĶ¥˵Ŀڷߣǰĵĵ˵ҪҹѾˣҪĶأ 
ЦһŸ䣬գ۵ԼҲܣ 
ЦˣЦù꣬ǿƽץЦҪ㣡 
Ц㿪ˣЦ֪ץһȥŸ㣬ϣܹף˵Щȥ 
̾СȻƭң´һ㣡 
ԶЦЦ´һ 
ҹֻʣ˹¶Թߵ 
21 
ܹõӢ۴ĵһ죬γǵǷǰѾ˺ܶˣȻֻ֪һٸǼȻˣǶԼֻЩġ 
Ƿһ˭ܽ˵ĵطǷǵĹ㳡˵ǹ㳡Χȴܷģʮ׸ߵΧǽͲһܹġ 
濴ǷûŵģʵǷŵģǷڵصףŵ˱γǵģסι 
Ƿ˶ԼԽʮ׸߶ȵṦһЩ̾ʱѾкöӰĴӸߴ 
̾˵ʮֵĿ˲ɶؤ 
һؤ̾Цᵽڻû㣬ĻҪʲǺŻ뵽ҡ 
һؤкò涼ʼˣȴݸ磬ǲҪһ˴ 
ߵǸؤʼûгǸСģһԾҲǷʣµǸֻʣԼһ˱һԣҡҡͷҲӰ 
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
ϲѪǱ˵ѪԼѪϲɱʹõԵĿУϲӢ۴ᣬΪԿɱʱΪ˵õΪͬŻֵ֮Ҳɱ¾ 
ϲԵĺڰ棬ǻʹԽУٳٵĲо뿴̨ϵڲɱֵ£Ѿʧܵˣкʲز 
Ƿ̨ȫյģֻвкͱԵ˿ԽȥȻвɱ˵Ĺ涨ҪˣҲʹʤɥʧʸˣԲ˵ûʲʧ 
ɱˣڱ֮ᡣΪǸɱ¾ȻǰַˡʲᷴеģǶǿǲ̵ģΪǻʹ뵽ԼĹȥ 
ȵһǸ˵ָһıǰϣѪһһɵǸڵһָʱͿʼţͿʼģûкͣΪѪĿУȵһںɫ 
ȶ국ĵȥӢ۴᣿ 
˵ͷ 
ֵ֪ĥʧѪ㽫ʧȥʸ᣿ 
е˵ͷ 
Цˣ㻹ȥ͹ҰɣĻҾ˵ʧ֮ġ 
û˵ȵλǰ· 



 




22 
Ƿı̭Ƶģÿи110ѡ֣ʮ᳡ʮ죬ÿÿ츺ʮһˣʮԣʤ߼ʧ̭ǵʮһ˼˵ҲҵģΪʣµǿģȴҲΪǰԶ˺ܻܶܿ䡣 
ЩĲɣ׷ɣҪ˰׷һҹǰۻˡֻҪһ뵽׷ɣһ뵽ۣͻ̧ͷ 
һѾееˣ²ͷ˸ӮЩ书ᶼȥ塣 
㰾˵ʮˣһ֪һ뿪ĲУȴɴ۾Ǹ˾Ȼǰ׷ɡ 
Ͼʤˣ书ٲҲǸǿߣ׷ɵ书һҹȴǲУѾ·硣ˮǲǺ۵ĲϻһۼµУһĻʮֵĶ˵ģЩɫջ 
׷Щֲ֧סˣµĵˮߵġ 
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
ݿǰĶЩΣݲ׼ģЦ˵Ҵûμӹ飬ͰҸæʱ˰䵽һ飬书Ӯˣ䶨ˣǲ͸ûμһ 
ʵ֤Цƭ֮ŷ֣Ĳ΢ЦӮˣȻıԡ 
ԿʼˣЦȴ˸Ȼ΢˵ȨĻӮ𣿡 
΢ֵĵȨ𣿡 
ЦһʱˣҺѾһˣԾȨ 
ûκ˵£õ 
źֵΪǲһңһŹݵңݼȥʱӳĺһңֻΪںЦؤʱСŪˣû뵽ȴ䵽Ц 
23 
Īջ 
ľֺŷ䣬ױǰһˣ˲ܴĸǶȿ˵㣬ǿ·ԵЩƮݡ 
˵Ҳֻڱһ˫ֿסš 
һΪµˣûһܹӵĳջģΪԸУҪԸСǰһȻΪԼܹջסǸˣǸħˡ 
ˣˣԼһжˣġ 
ʰţȴЦˣΪ֪ҲҲЦ˵ˡ 
ûܹܾЦûЦĿ֮ǰܾĿ֮ᣬܾˡ 
Цţֻ֪ҪЦ˵һһ£ԥķЦġ 
ЦûжҲû˵ 
̾Ϊʲ᲻ҷ㣿 
ЦƯĽëһ£ˣϻץҵġ 
ֵΪʲҪõ 
ЦһҵĿߣΪЦᱻٴγˡ 
ſЦ̾ɵӣȻҪΪʲҪֻʹ־ҩ 
ЦΪҪʱ䣬һһû꣬ʱҾ͸ȥ᣿ 
Цǰ˵ͷãҰ㵲ʱֵǧҪʲԼڵ顣ϲҲΪ࣬ϾѾȡ˱ˡʶż죬Ϊٶ࣬ʧˣҲδػǵ㡣 
ЦЦЦʲɵ᣿ 
ȥˣֻЦճյĿϵݣΪһУҸԸģҲҪǵңֻҪԼǵһ⼸졣 
·ڵϣЩԹ 
 
ΣǴΡ 
֪Լ˸ΣμһδľɫˣתֻҪ뵽ɬĺ÷ԼʢǳӤļдбŰۣѩ׵ԼеĽ϶ҵĻûйǵ 
ֻһΣ𣿲ΪʲῴĺǸ˵ؿڳ֣ 
ȻĲ⣬Ȳ糿ֵᷢһӵ𾪡 
Цˡ 
ǳƵɫʽȥ峿Ѿ¶飬еֻǺ˪ 
ûѩȴҲǰããһƬž塣 
ʱ򣬲壬ɽׯֵģֻȴǼžżԼҽҲΪֻǹ춼žĻþ 
棬һеıӳһ壬Ǹȴûбס´ѾҧˣѾ̫ˣʹʮֵɳ΢ 
µɪ߽Ѫȴֻĵңһٱ޵ĳͷѾˣ֣ͣˡ 
ֿͣԣܷˣ˵ÿһٱ𣿡 
ɪҫŶˣ˺ܸˣŶˣ԰ˡ 
ҫҧҧǾŶһأܷʱû顣 
ɪΪһܱȵùŶŶ㣬ܹܾ𣿡 
ҫԣеıӣתߣǰĿɪһ۵ǲܣǲңҲףǲҡ 
ɪ˵ϵ˵ӳǺοࣿǸϵĶûһӵùġ 
ӳ̲Цûܹ᣿Ҳģֻʮİ˵ͲģҲֻһЩԼڵ飬ƤϵʹͲܹеʹȡҲʹʱ 
ɪĥ̾ʱǲܰجأ 
ˮ룬ˮˮ 
ڿǰʱ֪Լϲ 
ɥʧӵıΪ˶ӵҪ͵ʹ࣬ԭЩɫĥһɶ 
ڸԲκεĶǸħεıȣҲ³ӣȻЩĿС 
ǰò꣬ˮеҩιʱû³ 
壬ŨĶֻɽϵϪƲΪϣĻһһҹܹó 
̧ͷЦʲĿģ 
Цȴʣһֱһ𡣡 
һʵڻ𣿡 
Ц̾˰ϵĹιЩϪƲݸҩԵĻ벻Ҳˡ 
ʵ˭ 
ЦǸɵϡ 
ݵ㡣 
ЦЦˣǿЦһ³˭ˣ´βι㣬ҲԼԵˡ 
ݽ˶յЦ֮ⷭˣ֪ΪʲǰĻʹĶӡ 
Ц߳˷ţſڵ˵㲻ҽȥ𣿡 
ſڵ˵һȥ,ֲˡ 
ЦҲµ᣿ 
˶ЦŶ֪Ϊʲȴ𣿡 
ЦΪҺΪЩġ 
˵꣬ǲˣԼķ䣬û˵Ĵ𰸡 
˿ıӰ̾ŶˡΪһ 
25 
һ 
϶µĲѩ꣬Ǿͻǳǵ䣬Ҳֻǳǣ͸ġ 
䲻䣬䣬ҲȣµǼįߴȱˣʱеįֻЦߵʱŻܵԼǴڵġЦѾˣҲϴûйЦˡ 
оɱ䲢£֪²֡ΪɱɱֻǴĽɢοֻ֪Ϣģһڵ˵Ϣ 
ǿЦˣ֪ 
̾ϢҲôѽġ 
ȸ㣬Ҳ֪Ҫҵ˵䡣 
˴Ӱ˳ףֻңϵûЦˡ 
Ц˵оУ˵ûбûСѵ˸ûУû᣿ǻԼǱ˵ 
ߵױǰ͵Ƶ͸ӵķӢϣ˾Ȼǻݡ 
̾һ²࣬ӣҶҪˡ 
ؤ·Ѿһɫĳˣü֮һɨǰǣ˵һšҲеĶʧȥŻ֪ҪݼЦ֮ᣬѰңֻǶ̶̵ʮ죬ЦһжѾϣϰЦӵѾЦ 
̾ǸŵİɡΪ𣿡 
ָ̧˸ͷĶЦģ˵Ҫɱһٸ˲ſϼҲ˵ġ 
ݿЦɱһٸˣȴǲϼҡƭ᣿ 
ĵһ˿Ứ˼ƭҵĻҲԸƭ֤ںҵģȴһ˶ûС 
˭˵ûУ 
ڰ߳һˣձƭҩİٲݡ 
ֲܹɱһٸˣԭڰ㣬ֲãһӱˣԭߡ 
ٲݵұֻ㣬Ż뵽ȥֻҺദ֮ᣬŷһֵðˡ 
ﲻҲϣ˵ƭ㻹࣬˵ƪң 
ٲ̾׼ΪԶܣᣬҪˣҪ㡣 
ûתӡ 
ٲݵΪǸˣǸһֱΪЧҵˣÿ¶һ𣿡 
ļһµҪ˵ˡ 
ٲݲ̵ĵǸ㣬ңݳ㣬ѵһֱûз᣿Ͳ뷢֣ 
ٴεת˹ѾۣΪʲ᲻ƭңΪʲҪ࣬ϲң뿴ĵӡ 
ٲǰסģǸ֪Ҫƺ÷ŧľɴˣǶŨŪɾʹǻʹʹοҪˣµԲ֮գұ㲻ˣ˵Ļ㶨Ȼӵġ 
ĻеȻһЦݣе⡣ 
֪ҪȥʲᣬҪǸ˲ټ԰ѶעѹϡȥɣһģһֱȵܹǸԲʱֻ֣Σ㲻ҪˡΪҵȵ˾㡣 
ٲݵ˵ͷ޾İ⣬Ĵһ󣬷ſݵڿʼҾͽˣѾ顣ҽɽһεĶ飬ȫȫı㣬ֱ飬ҲŻ 
ٲִҪ뵽ԼˣǱûʲ˰æݵ˵ͷ 
ȥʱ̾ϢҪҵǸˣҪĵط 
26 
ٲݺݲûȥɽׯǣⲢǰٲݵ⣬Լ⡣ 
˵һȥڵ书ٴεӳҲûʲ⡣ҵЦҶǸҲɱȥҲֻ˷ʱ䡣Щʱ䣬ҲԼøʤ㡣 
ٲᣬ֪ݱøظˣһ꣬Ҹܰеھʹ֮ɳˡݱֻһӢ꣬ȴѾһǵɱ䣬Ǻܹעġ 
 
˵γһɽǵĻǾһˮǡǵе·ˮеۻȣǺγĲͬˣǵˮˮᣬҲˮ͡ 
ĲǾƵ꣬磬粻ǼԺǸ˶ˣǲ˶ˣһңһͳǵļ塣 
ǵȻҲԼľƵ꣬ľƵй¶ľҲй¶ 
¶ͺȵģ¶Ʒģ¶ҾƣҵҾơ 
ȻҪͺȵĻҲᷴԣֻȵǧ򲻿ڹ¶Ϊ¶ľƵûϰ壬ֻⷼƣΪϰѾˣǵ 
ݺͰٲ¶ʱ򣬹¶Ѿϯ 
ݺͰٲҪߵʱ򣬹¶ȴͻȻĶһӣſŵӣӵıվ꣬곤̫ƯĻڿӰ˵ʱ򣬼ҪΪЦֻǼǡ 
ֺЦһֻǷݲҰףһݷ֪Цǳҩ棬һֶŻЦ书ˣݣǲġЦԲһͬˮһ꣬Цֻһòͨꡣ굹Ǻгֵеơ 
˵ĵһ仰ǣȾȵĻ͹һɡ 
ݱȾƣֻЪЪŵģЦƵ˹ȥ 
ٲݵЩŹ֣ǲҪȥĺãϾ⼸İɱҲˡ 
һЦ˲ٵ۹⣺ܾ룬Ƿ̫òأ 
ٲûٳڵʵҲҪ̫ࡣ 
ЦЦݵ֪ҾƵƾʲ𣿡 
ݴ¶ 
ҡҡͷˣ˼ 
ݵȻ˼ΪʲƵҪй¶ 
¶ǵ˼֮еģ˵¶һȾҾƵĻ˼֮Զľơ 
ûмʣ귴ʵ֪¶Ϊʲûϰ𣿡 
ݵΪ¶ϰˡ 
ҡҡͷִˣ¶ϰ岻ĺ֣ܿΪ˼Ӵ˱ûѹĿ֡ 
̾ѵ׼Ʒһ˼𣿡 
𣿡 
ݿЦѾȹˣûѵĺܡ 
Ҳ̾˿ȹ˼ỹˣͨʹࡣ 
ݵǺʹࡣ 
ȻѾȹˣҾȹ¶ɡ 
˵ֲ̳кɫĹ¶㵹ǰĲС 
̳ӣ͵Ĺһھơ 
ȴûкȣ㵽˭ 
Ƶū 
ݼʣʲ֣ 
ĪȻǸūϰ˸֣ͽĪū 
ݣ27 
ûкȹ¶߳˾Ƶ꣬ʱѾˣˡ 
¶ſͣһխĻܹôݳ޵Ķֻ 
ˣˮɫĳˮɫ磬ˮɫѥˮɫĿӣˮɫɴˮɫ۾ˮɫͷˮɫķܹӵôˮɫĶ˳ˮˣҲûбˡ 
ˮµһ۱Զ˺øУߵĪūʱȴ¶Ӷı飬˵Ӷ񻹲˵ּʣǣĪūΨһһòˮ˸ӳڵˡ 
ˮˮµЦþûôڵˣǲǶˣ 
ˮµ˵ͷȸ߶Щ˼ȥ˵ɣҪȻҪˡ 
ˮҲԣ߶ܻص¶ˣֿµĶһǲҪմĺá 
ˮ±߱Ц㰡֪пֻ˭ղŻڱԹôû㡣 
ˮЦããҲ˵ˣҪǸŪֵĻҲЦ㡣 
˵˾ݣˮ¶һЦ,ݴһ˫ˮɫ۾ķӳ̣˵۾ɫȻֹͬͬ˵ķ飬ֻ˵ûǵİ 
ˮºˮ˹¶ƼңĪūһԵǲǾ 
ҡͷɴûпò֪󡣡 
Īūֵ𣿡 
ҡҡͷҵѾҵֻһģһäĵôȥͳª 
Īū̾ԭǸϹӡ 
˵㲻ڳˣ˸оΧЩơ 
ٲҪƵգǽס 
û˻ش 
Īū̧ͷϸľӣȵγĻȣĻȣҹԭ£¡ 
ݵǵķǣڿǣٲݵȴǰµˡ 
Īūڿڣ¡ 
ٲΪûסһ 
ĪūղǸüĿ˽в£ˮ¡ 



 




ݣ28 
ݶЦˣˡԭҲûеطסҳɫ𣿲ˣֻǸƽꡣôôסأ 
Īū̾Ϣһͷǽֻȥסˡ 



 




 
ǰìܵʣߴ͸ǰˮɫ۾ȴ˵ᡣ 
е̯ĺƣȹ¶Ϊ޶Ŀĺƣѩ׵ϣ˽ܵÿһɫ۾ǶǾƵĿ󣬵ϵʱȻԼ 
ˮɫ۾Цˣϵ˵߶㻹Ҫ˼𣿡 
۵ˣʵĵ˵ͷѩ׵Ѿ˵ĽȲȡиոպľơ 
ɫľΪ༤ҵľ˴ǡ̾Ϣ߶ҪһʼôɣҲͲر˼ˡ 
Ǿдãѩ׵ԶĴ򿪣ҡҷϸǰˣǰɵ壬̾Ϣһ֮ݵɫ⡣ 



 




֪Լѵѣѵʱ䲻ҪӳȥӲȥĻҲĻȥˡ͵ʱȴˣлһʶġ 
ūô 
໹û˯ѵۣĪūߵġ 
Ѿ˵ݺͰٲͬʱĿЦԭֻסĵΪҪˡ 
ƥѾǲ˵ˣȴóˮ鷢涪˸ҪˣҪԭ 
Ļץ߶ˣѾ˼߶ˣܲһ뵽ס߶ܵˣˮ;ֽмʵĸʴġ 
ǣ 
ˮ侲µĵһǼȻǺټĶôһܺңֻҪϷ˳ţҲӲġ 
ˮ˲̵Ц⣬߶վҵġ 
ĺԺҵģȴѰҹҲûӰ 
ˮûмֻҲˡżˮҵˣӢ۴ỹҪǿʼˣΪֻи¸ˮҵﲻҪ˳ôС 



 




ˮٴοݣȻ¾ҲԵ֣˵ĻҲҲֻһʱĶȴûߣĳǰ 
ݶˮ˵ĵһ仰ǾܱܱĴʵԸҵĻҿǲҵĺø𣿡 
ˮ¾ǸܺõĿʼȻΪԼ˵滰 
ˮЦŻشȻѾ֪ҪңһõĻôҲͲˡ 
ˮ¿˴˽ʱЦˣɫˣе㷢ࡣǸĪūҲˣȻһʱпɥˣߡ 
ˮûгΪ߶˵һ仰ڳҵĻҾ͸ˮΪ˸ߣŰסܵģ˵ˮ㣬ң 
ڵǾٰӢ۴һ죬ˮϻˣֻһ۱飬ƾʧһ㡣 
ݣ29 
Ӣ۴¶ٿģǳ˷ݱûܱյĵطˡӢ۴ʵֻһκѡ˲ŵĴᣬȴҲһƷֻҪܹںиְλôǮȨ˱һٲˡ 
οֹϵһ̣ܹÿѪ͹١ 
ǸӢ꣬ŵȴӳһ㣬ˮǳªһǲܻӭģӢ۴ڼ䣬һЩ˹ֽοǰǣе˶ֻܽȥ 
ֻһ˹ֵٲͲʲôһ𣿷Ҫұô󣿡 
һūѾ߱ˮµӣô˵Ҫ˵ľͲˡ 
һȴֻǿӣѾΪ㱳˳ҪǱֵĻǿɲҲܡ 
ллˮȣ֮ǰˮǾԲᷢġ 
ֻ̨ϴһͳδıԣһЩԭ򣬸ı˹ڳµʤ򡣡 
˾˵űóһиɫӣɫͷɫ۾һ֪ǵˣڲԭϵ壬źͲһ̵۾һ̵ͷ˵ٶɫϵȴͬ˫۾̵Щ˿Ļһ˵ⲻһˣһѪ 
˾ǼǳūˣҪ˭ܹץĻӮⳡԣѾʾˣͬµı򡣡 
ʵҪǸѾô죿 
˾ǵշˣǣѾӳȥģһ춼ҲԭΪѾݸˣλ˭ֳܹĿҲӮˡ 
̨µӢһֱûг۾ڿ̨ϵĳˮ飬ˮԵЩꡣ˾򣬵µ˿ʼɢȥˣ谮ĶӾŶŶ̫֪˽˾Ͳˡ֮󣬰磬Ҫߡ 
˾ǵ˵ͷҪ뿪ȴֱˮס£ްɡ 
˾ǲһ£ˮ鱻ߵţûп 



 




ˮ»صԼķȴڵˡ 
һŽɫͫ׵꣬ʮ߰ͣһ纣İĵĴµľɫӡ 
ˮ¼˺ǳʲôˣΪʲôҪҵķ棿 
Ǹ¹ӵ£ôһ²ϲ𣿡 
㡣 
˵Ѿˮˡ 
ˮЦô᲻ˮأҲˮֻ˭ 
ߵǸߣ 
ˮ´Цôô϶ 
Ϊˣصܹһеղ濴Ƿ˺ͻ˾Ȼһģһ 
ˮµҲǡ 
˵Ҫˮ£Ͳ᲻֪ȣ 
ˮµ֪ȣһ֪磬˵֪ʱ䡣Ҳˮ¡ҲҪҵߡ 
һ˲ýЩ͸һᣬȷʵߡ 
ȵɫЩˣΪˮһ仰ǾŶԾŶûõģԣҪ˷ˡ 
û˵ʲôˣں档 



 




ݣ30 
߻Ǳץסˣˮץסˣ˵ߵıˮץסˡ 
Ӣ۴ĵ죬ûߵİԭĹ涨Դ̨ʤʤʮˣͿԽ̡ 
ʤʮ棬ߺݣ߲̣Ҳ룬ֻǼȻΪ˰ܣǾͷǼ벻ɡ 
ٿӢ۾ƻᣬõľƵȻǹ¶ 
Ӣ۾ƻõľƵȻǹ¶Ӣ۽Լį 
ӢǺȾƵȻҪм֪¶˺м֪¶ΪʾԼϾӢ۶ǹܣҲںֻǳãݵߺûݵݡ 
ˮ߶֪ûѹ𣿡 
ûѾ˵ģ˵ģ͸ġ 
ˮܹǧ涨Ȼһߡ 
ݿڵ˵𣿼Ȼܹ˺ǧΪʲôе 
ˮֿߵƾ仰Ҿ֪˭ˡ 
ݵֱˮĸߵǰ֪Ҫ뻹ɾͱһܡ 
еĽҲͬʱʡ 
ĺˮ飬ôھɱʱ߲ĺˮ飬ҲǰˮģԵݴˮʱ߷ˮ鵲һ 
ˮĻǴδйĴ 
ˮˣ߶㲻˵ֻҪԸˮǸһصĲԭ޾Ըһ㲻˵ʱԸӵֻҪû£Ҿ͸塣 
иóЦˮĸס 
ɶ˵ģ߶װˣѾԸȥˣ 
߶۾۸ôˣǲϸһȥҾͲССһūԭ㻹ƫĵġ 
߽Ǹ˾ȻĪū 
ﻹǣˮ£ˮ˵ܷڣҿ̳˶ˡ 
ˮҲ֣߶ΣѾһˡȻоŹӸҴ飬ھ߰ɡ 
ߵ˵ͷˮ鱧˻ˮǵĳĻˡ 
֮ݵ۽ĶĪū 
Īūʣҵ𣿡 
ݵϣҲΣҼľ㡣 
Īū˵Щʲô 
ݵЦ㻹Ҫƭ𣿡 
Īū㲻ҪˮһŹӾĸʶˡ 
ݵͻȻĿţЦһң㲻ЦΪʲôһûУ 
ĪūֻһūˣȻʲô 
ȺǸԶ˹ʮѾˣ»ȥ 
ݵЦ㻹ƭҵʲôʱ򣿡 
ĪūȲȻһЦûƭ㣬ҲʲôЦ˵ĳ˵ࡣ 
ȴĪūҲЦǾŶĪū֮ҵЦҲҲûǷҲã֪֮ЦҲû书ûòǲҳ˵ĶӣҽһҪ㣬Ұ㡣 
ĪūѾᣬֻûµһ죬书ܹʤҸ׵Ļң֮ǰ㻹ûôһȥҪʮ쵱㣬ʱҼЦҲǾŶҲĪū㶨ҪϳĪҪϴˡ 
˵ͷҲûصľ͸ˡ 
ݼֻ¹ľӨᣬ͸ġ 
İٲŵһЦһҪ֮ǰһУʡõһ֪иԭЦȴǰɥʧ˺۵Ļᡣ 
ٲ֪ݻһʤΪڼкޣа 



 




31Цȵĺ棬˼Ŀߵ꣬Ҳǽʤ֮һ 
Ц߽ʵʲô֣ 
ûתͷɳ 
Цɫֵ߽Ҫȡ 
ɳһ˵ͷ 
Цдȥע⣬ҩܴˡ 
ɳԥһĵһͷӹЦеҩ۰ 
ЦͻȻǰȵȣЩ 
֪Цʧȥ书֮ĺҲ˹ȥȴû뵽߽ 
ءá̴СѨЦǿ޺ƷУΪ֪ЦĶƵˣûЦǲ˵ġ 
ʱȴѾˣɳеҩѾ˳ҲΪ̫ͻȻûü˲˵ʲôҲͬʱ˲䷢硣 
ҩЦƵģЦҩЧȻһΪҩЧӵ̫ʧ׼ͷɳɨЦֱۡ 
ЦΪʲôô 
Цûˡ֪Լֿһʱˡ 
ȾˣĿɳҪҶҲŹġ 
ɳЦˣǰѾ˵ϵȵԴջҵһ֪һˣô 
ȵ㲻ΪȨֻҪԸңôȨҶԸ㡣 
ɳ̾Ѿ̫ˣԴ쳢ζ֮Ҿˡֻõ㣬ʲô 
̵ȣı۾ 
ЦЦȻǸ̵ֲˡˣΪʲôҶЦְ£Ȼ̳˲̵һ档µ׵ĿԵáɳΪЦİΪԼȥĶ 
¹£ŰỮ䣬Ϊȴֻǣϵ˲Ǹˡ 
====================================================================== 
Դҳ߾һҵ𣬾;űˣֻǼʹǱƭ˺ܶණ 
Сڱƭ֮ǰһֱԼûʲô˭ڵĵطǵǡ 
ӱƭˣԼ˵Ʋ֡ 
ıбƭˣԼ˵óȭ 
屻ƭˣԼֻҪûбѪģ͵ҧˣʹһ¾ûˡ 
ı͵ˣԼ˵ʹûϵ 
ǣǧ򲻸Ǹ˾ȻΪԴװСƭˣҲǵǵˣҪ˵͵ҲᡣС͵˻ԼߣȻٴεĳߡ 
СһֻèֻгèҲֻǳֵèԾ״С׷һֱɽûпǰҪײȥʱ򣬱һ˸ˡ 
Ӻ͵ǵźܲһϲáǵϲӢͦε꣬òһҪȴһҪӢӲɾͺܷԲŻᱻƭϲְװϸϸˣ˵ˮ˾ģӱҪȥǵģڿ֮Ӹı⡣ǰ˿̫û书ӣһҪɣ־СڣӾ 
˼ӣСڻЦŵܿɰèСĵĿҪȥײˣ䱿ġ 
ͬĵ˵ͷѹСôԭСʱ̫ɣײײġ 
ӿʵһô 
˶һЦ˵ͷˣһĻһ·ϿҪԺܶࡣ 
Ӻܸж˶õˣǸˡʹʹ飬Ҫƭ˵һ㶼ʹӼᶨĵ˵ͷҽӣҲ³Կ࣬Ҫ㡣 
Ǹ˶˵ҽЦȻңǾͰһ˰ɡ 
Ǹĺ䣬ʱЦӾúů㣬иҪȥһЩˡ 



 




32 
ǵ˲࣬Ҳ٣ڵĶǸ֣Ṧ书Ṧڱ֮õģ书ڱ׷֮õġ 
Ǻܷ٣̻ܺԻ͵ĳСʵи--͵Լ˵ĶԼָڵǵˡΪʲô˻ᱻ͵ôĶԭġҶ֪ǾˣӵĶ˾͵͵ȴҲǲġһ֪ӺСʱϲˣӵĵ͸׶֪úȫֻһ˲֪ 
˶˵ϲ㡣 
ôǲ˭ŵۣɵĿ˵ǲƭʲô 
ӲˣǺİ˵ĵȴİˣҲһܺܺϵ׼İˣܺϵǳθڵİˡ 
ҶΪǵȲʣеǵİѾʮûˣݸ˵ʱǵ͵ˮ׼ûôߣҲǸİϴһ˲ߡ 
ܶ꿴ǰķԾԾԡ 
һʱȥˣǸû¡ 
ʱȥˣѾһ͵ʧܵꡣ 
ʱȥˣѾûٸȥǡʱӶһꡣҡҡͷ׼ĴѾҲûݵУһæƿ 
ȴʱе͵ˣ͵ˣ 
ٲֵʵûʲô͵ʲô 
ɴԲۣŰٲݵ͵ǣ 
ٲҲɴۣæסԼ죬ԼҲЩСеĸ͵ȥ 
Сȴܴ˵ŵĵͲˣľҲҪġ 
ݿ꣬ݸģ֪ռСô 
Цˣ¶ɰĻ֪ҵģջǼɰѸ״ʹˡ͸ɡ 
ڵǵĽ߹հ˹պǰһһľ޴ؾǵǳסĵطˡ 
·ݺͰ˵ЦţЦ˵ζļĹȻܺã겻ԭϳˡ 
ĵΪҰ꣬ȻǲܰԼĳ˵ģοǰ 
ҡҡͷѵˣǰɳҵʱγΪѵģ 
ЦûҶ˵ݸ磬Ҫһ飬ĴСϲһˣֽоֻϵǲ֪飬õѡ 
ݵղŵĻǻѻ 
û뵽ȴǻѻΪѾϲˣһҪһ 
ٲе㲻ˣΪʲô˰ǱˣһҪһֻһε 
ȴڴʱңҲѾϲˡ 
ֵĵѾ𣿡 
̾һˣһȳҵзصˡ 
Ҳ̾ͷңҡȴڿſڵһʱȾܡ 
û׷ȥſڵ˵һǾˣǲǰ͵ʲôҪĶ㵽ڻûԭ 
˳ֺر˧ĸӿݼߵģܣʾ൱ִԸɫģϸ»ΪֺɫĴ˵ʱҲ˺ĸо 
ô˵˸Ǿȣ˽СҵСèƭˣֻСèƢܾγ߿ºҵû 
ݵæĻͱҪһ֮èſԣ 
˵ͷڰһ֮ǰǲʲôȥġȽȥɣҵֻè͵ǵĵºңһġֻСèӡ 
33 
ٴμɳѩʱ򣬾ʮֵĿ 
ɳѩϵĶȻˣµİȴòٵúܳףɳѩȴǺҸǰӵҸ 
һӢˣ֪˲ΪֻΪŰʱǻ᷺Ҹ۵ġɳѩȻǴڣİǺòεֵ쾡¡ 
ĸˣʱڵȥУȥǳ͵ĵطȴΪûп˶ĳȥׯ 
ɳѩüȥƼ䣿 
ӵһ˼ڱǴ׵ĻôƼǺڵˡǸ̫صĵطȥûбȾڵĻǳġ 
ݷвյҪֻܹȥϣ 
ɳѩ𵹻ΣһҪȳġһҪȥҲ㣬ֻǽȥķû֪ 
ЦֻҪطҾһа취ҳ 
ȥҾɣҲܰ㣬ֻ⼸ûʲô顣 
ٲһԵǶֻӵСèôһֻͿˣ 
ɳѩЦˣӲֻèʵǵõˣϲĳֻèɫè 
ٲݵ۾ٴεĵɵԲԲģԭϺЦһϣŹֵ˻ô࣬˭˵è˵ģ 
ûҵӣ²ôɵ飬ӺЦһݾϡϻôɵ飬ЦȥׯʱñţЦׯʱмǵ˴һֻܴĹŶסЦߡ 
ֻһ˲䣬ȴڱ˴ˡ 
ԼصߵģΪҪЦˡ 
ӵĵһ۾˸һţд˼֣Ƽڣ˿г 
ӶԾ˵ҪҰһ飬Ҳ㱣֤ٳߡ˵⻰ʱȴﻭ˸棬ҵˣϾߵҲĵطȥ 
Цüͷ˭ 
ӲĵСڵľˣҲҵľˣҵ˾Ҫҵˡ 
Լߣҹһ㣬ҾͰˡ 
ȻֶЦ˭ 
Цݡ 
ɫ˱ղŻڣڿѾˡ 
Ц̾ҪֻҪңȥĵطͿˡһҪҵġ 
Ҳ̾Ƽ䡣 
Цɫˣ૵һȥˣԭѾԼˣֻӦôɵˣӦð 
˵ȥȴӽһţҪһȥ 
׼ 
ȴҪǲҾͺһȥҪȻܣʳ 
ҡҡͷôϲк 
ԹûЦȴˣž´˵ĻʱӦðץסĶ˵УҪȻһٴγߵġǸûаȫеĺӣȻҲ֪Ĺȥ֪Ӧ˵ڣŻ᲻ôƮ죬ĵĻ 
ۿǰ·ܹ͸ĵ꣬ЩΪʲôܵõȱȫеӵˡֻǶ̶̵ļԻҲ˺øУһ˲ܿܵΣյ갡 
34 
һңرĵҡ 
ٲݴңɾЩԲһҵȫڰٲĵطҲΪ 
ǶҹĵңѱӦúڰĵطҫͬ磬µյĺľΣʵĸ֣ëƤ棬ǵ 
ٲݿ˿еһƱֻһѷֽĴ 
μⳡǵֻһˡ 
ٲֻ֪һЩ϶Ϊֵˡĵ棬ʹ㿴̨ԽԽ󣬰ٲʶĿ˿ˣһ˫аۣĺɫȴаĸо˿ٲݸæعͷ룬ϾȻбаˣǿ£һҪ취ݸ 
̨ϵʦһӾ޴Բ̨˳õĻһѡ꣬ǣ˳ 
ٲݵϸѰһ飬ãûݣ˵ĵ׼۶ʮƱҲֻа 
ʦʼƿʼ˷ٲݵҲԵľ˼£˼ȥѾƮǰ 
᫵ɽ· Хɽ͵¹ĵ̳ 
ٲЩ΢ʧĿǰͬһĲʱĥϴһӡ 
ͻȻͣ˽ŲĿԵһеļԭ˳Բתʾ˸ļ㣬ͬļһ˫ųȵͣͱڱԵ 
ٲݣ֪ǵ˿ڷĻԴ𣿡ͳҹɫͬԸС 
󲿷ǶĳṩģһСǸӶġٲݴʮ⡣ 
ôЩʲôأݼʡ 
ȨǮߵūٲЩȷϾǰֻǰٲݡ 
Ͽģʵϣߵֻʣµ˶˰Ƽ䡣 
ݵѾת˸ 
棬ô֪ôٲЩͷԡ 
ҲȷҪȥ֤ʵ 
ָָһɽ·ϵ۵·ϲ֪ʱѾ׳һĻС 
ٲݸݶգֻҪһҲ֪Ҫʲô 
ٲ̾˿Ҫȥ 
ݵҪȥｫ˵УҲҪȥС 
ٲݵǵĵϵƱΪܹڵ𣿡 
ЦңΪҪַͨʽƼ䣬Ҫ취˵һȥ 
ٲݲ⣺Ҳݽȥ𣿡 
ݵܶ飬Ҫڲ֪࣬ԣһҪūݻȥ 
ٲݵ˵ͷѾʧ쳣ҵɽУ类һ㡣 
35 
ٲݻعŷ֣˶һˣɻûݵӰӦò顣 
ǵٲݿݵʱ滹ϣǳĺá 
һģʦⳡеļƷ 
Χݱʱ÷ֱһַۼıΧգٲݶ˿ 
ˮɵƳˮɵӣֲڵһ˼壬ϸĽı޺ּ͵Ƥ֬Ůòĵ׺ഺ֮Ű֮ļУӵͻֳ˷ǿ֮Ӿϵǿҳͬ㻮ǵԣǿԶ˫вӵڿʮֵջ 
ԵһϱţûܺԣʹǶǼΪ޵ҲҪΪ񡣱ĬĵΪݵĳֶӵĳĬʹһֱ۷ĳĬ 
ݵ°ͱֳƤ޵ʦǿȵ̧ͦεľһӱͻĺĻӳ˹ۡ 
Ƥ޵ıư»еɫζõҵķϢмɧ 
ʦûпʼļ۸ȺͿʼۡ 
ʮҳʮ򡣡 
ʮ򡣡 
ʮ򣡡 
ʮ򣡡 
  
ļ۸ʾǶ־ڱصãٲڴ˷ľϤЦģתͷһȴԴˣЦץȥˣܳǸ߸ӲǾʲô 
ǷƷ 
ҵľߵͳȵĻиȻֹ 
͸μİƼ˰չΪʾļֵ¡ 
İаûвֻԼԿ˵ͷʦ¶˷ܵЦݡ 
ڰٲݿˣֱ³ĳϵĸӡݾԲΪԸԼ壬ԭֻǵƼļƲߣѾԽ˹ 
36 
ļѹֵУǽڷָס 
ᴩ˲䣬Ķһͬ˺ѡ 
ҵ͸οյĴ߲ͬ޵ϡ 
ʴһжǵϷͬĳɳҲֻϷһû֪һԴʮǰԼϷݳͿʼˡ 
ɶ޸ĵߣ·ǰһжֻΪ˵ͺʹࡣ 
ſдʲôȴڸҵͦƺһûٳ 
׵а˼֪һҽȥһ£ܻһʱҾ͸һС 
׿ݵĲһ£ץסݵͷ۶۵㽫ΪƼҵġʴֻһһأǺǣǸڴĽƷ 
ٶȵѹȥûԤеķȴǱȷɨ˵޶ԡ 
Цûе̹߹Ȼر𣬲ҸϲҪζġ 
ݻûгױĮŭˣķй˼֮˱Űȥˡ 
ƼԿȴְƼһаĸԴڰ뿪˱飬һʮʹãȻı飬ϵţԼһжֻǱϷеĲ 
ţȥᱻ̤ݵʹҲȥᱻ˺ٵϵˡԼԸֻҪټȥҲܹĺģĵ˲䣬ȴһԥͿ־Χ 
 
һжǸϷôԼڵ壬Ŭ壬޵ʲô 
š֨ѽһˣſվһӢʮ꣬ﱧһֻèɫè 
СڣÿǾȾɡ 
ֻèȻͬ˵ڿó棬ɫèһֱˡ 
֪ԼڵӺǱûҪ˾ȵĵز 
ֻǰͬܵһʹɣ֪𶯣ҰŪɾһ˿ڡ 
߶ֱ߱ԹһμȾҪŰˣҲһμһҪҵˡʲô֣ҽӡ 
ֵʱ֪ǰ˭ˡ 
ҽݡҲ𣿡 
ӵɴԭ˫УԭݣЦҪҵݣ 
37 
ݼĵЦҲ 
Դ꣬㣬ҿӳġ 
һɻӵǲ˵ƲƣҸ㽲ƼĹ°ɡ 
ҲݾܾӾԹ˵ĽˣƼһлƵ˴ġǸˡ˵Ƽʵһ֮ǣڻϱ֮ϵ֮ǣûгڣʵֻǳڱסˡ˵ǸˣһֱûżΪðƼȥӣֱȡΪ׺ơȴûųƱ˵һ졣 
˿ȷʵţӶݵ˵ҿǰѾҽհģɡ 
һ֪ʲô˰ɣ˾кĿıһ壬˵ҪҪΪӣѪģȴҪԼĺĿӡ⽫ᵼʧ˴ΪӣֻΪӣҲǲҪѪĵġΪ˵õ峤ѪͳŻһΪߡΪ峤ȴİ˻ƣΪӡƵȻǰѸյ峤͵˳ΪӣΪͬĺӣһϲģû뵽ȴԻ˫ĿݵˣǰдһֱǰƼҸɱƶȥ峤ŭˣȫ԰Ƽ䣬ҵĺлʴĵƼڻƵĺСΪ˱Ɐķ˽һʬ岻֪١ 
˵Щڿʣͣһ£淢ʲôٶȱ򿪣Ǿ 
ӣ 
ȻûзֱΣٶ۵Ӷݵ֣ôøô񣿡 
̾˿Ϊǲҵ 
һתͷͷ۵ľæ͵ܣСڶˣҸҶء 
ÿüëʲô԰׸˵Ķ𣿡 
𣿡 
׼ȥټʰû˵ʵ㻹ǲƼȽϺã 
ݿЦҲѾˣ֪Ц𣿡 
һֿס͵ӣһ߶ݵЦҲҼôмȽرģҾ㡣쿪ʼ㽫ٰ׶ȫͷֻҪ㻹ڰƼ䣬ͽԲסطû˻ģҶܡƵİɡ֪𣬰׶㶯ŭˣǰֻ󶯹ŭġУҰǸŪƼˣҲܾһΪ֪ɡ 
˵צӺ˯С߳˷䡣 
ЦͰٲݶڰƼ䰡һΪЩˣ뵽˶־ 
38 
 
ļ 
ѹļ 
ѩ׵ͷǰʱΪΪȵļĻþ 
ºٲЦŻⱲӶûмôȴôû˹ͷҾþȡ 
ݸ߰ٲݣʱȥǹģֻʱþװ˷ҵٶҼ죬ǰҪǻĻһѾˡֻҺѿĳ࣬ѵû֤жôĲ𣿡 
ٲһ뵽ݵʱѿĳݸܿôƯôѿĳԷҲûʲôźˡ 
㵱ʱô֪ϰģ 
ٲݸп˾˭ôõĳ 
̾˿뵽ˣѾ߹ԺʲôԼֻ֣ҵʱûôϡ 
˸ʱĵط 
 
Ƹ 
ʲôݣ 
 
ٲݣǲӦñȥ 
Ƹ 
£ī軨ԡ 
վһ֡һӡ 
ɫһ˫ɫӣ˿һָֻͣǷɫһֽ̬İף׵˸о飬ֻǺ΢Цָо 
ɫ˫ֱأüʣƣҰ׶Ÿˣ㲻°׻֮󲻸ѵҲšʴĴ˵𣿡 
ǲֵڸʲô 
֪ڡʴҶǲŵģҶǸݵһȤûС 
ΪʲôҪô׵ļƻˣŹġ 
ƻ𣿲ô鷳ġ 
ī軨ɢ˱ƽʱΪŨҲǻʱһֹףЩΪ˻ġһ΢ЦʱоһֻǰĲ 
ҪʲôҹܲšӼЦϺһȥǸɣΪݶġӼһΰɣӶԳΪҳϵҾͿȥˡ 
ЦÿһƼͲϳԼЦҲûа취 
죬ղż·ҽҲҡ 
ԭ㲻Ҫ֪ǸݻΪһ취ǸСһһģֻ֮ǰҪҪܻ¡ 
Ҳº͵еľ棬ƲƲӦһûܵġ 
39 
ͥûпǱϪˮ壬Ͳضǰ۵Ī 
ڴСͱȡЦΪеͥ˵֮Ϊ 
ʹ˱ѵջҲŲʱΪʧȥǣͥ侲ǰƼġ 
ȴһ죬һ̱׵Ĵơ 
ͥ͸Ҷķ϶ҫ쳣εϪˮԼϪˮϴͥеεұˣ׵Ķˡ 
֪ͥԼǱʲôĸоջˣֻһȳƵ壬ϪˮȴȾôˣ˲䣬ͥоϪˮôΪȳƵ塣 
˲䣬֪ͥԼջˡ鶯 
֪ͥʲôֻ֣ԼǵðǰĹϽ˸» 
˿ʮ鶼ǲסʱͥԶĺĴڡ 
һ֪һ˴ڻǰͥڰƼʮĵһΰܱܹܾͥȻÿµбһ۵ĻѧһʮֽͥΪʧܵĳסˣҲֻǶֵӡ󱻼ˣǶ˵ӡͥȻû֡ 
ͥóʱУͥ͸˸֡ 
Ǹܰˣϧ𶼲İͥϸĿġϸŨܵĽëǱµ̬۾Ҳ͸뷨 
һˣԲֻƽͥ뵽ʱԽľáôء 
ͥЦ侲˽⣬ˣԼжôԼֿΣһַ屻˿úصĺڲ˵Ρ 
ҲԼǲҵģȻմȾĹ⣬ڹݡ 
Щǰܹ̬ܶΪʲôһҹ֮͸ıˣȵȵֻǴεϸо 
ܹܶҲݲ⣬˭ƽһ˲οбΪеˣ 
˦˦ͷ֪ԼúͰٲݼۣôӳûгڵİƼ䡣 
ֵĶò׽ˣȴҪ뷽跨ĳȥ뷨ûҲڤͥƸĴȥ 
ͥ뿪׷ȥġʱƴ鷿˳ 
40 
Уƶһ͵ˡ 
ڰƼ䣬ףǵаԵĶƣȴܱºʴȵĳƺš 
ֻƺ׽˲Ƶа¡ 
˵׵аͿͨ˫ۣͨΪ׵ı֣͸˿־أôƵĿȴʴȡ΢Цźƭ¶ƣȻ΢ЦűʬĿֲΪȫǷôֻΪͻȻ룬еаԶа 
ͥƿ֮֮һʮͥҲƵˡ 
ͥǸôˣ 
Ƶϻ˿˾׽΢Ц֪ͥԶֺ׺ı顣 
ָ𣿡һ򲻹˵ģǸ˹Ȼġ 
ǽ𣿡Ƶüѵõ 
Ϊ֪֣˸ν 
ԭݡ 
ǰ׵˰ 
ͥһ˲Ĳô𣿱ϾݺƵĺӡ 
ͥסԼ𾪣ˣô֪Ĳû뵽ǰˡ 
ǣҾչһġʴͥɲҪİ 
βеϷͥеһֲ 
²ң 
ףˣô 
ĽͥĶ 
֪Ƶ뷨ͥҳ 
ڰ˵ֻһԤʾŻߣ 
뵽ʱͥȴ˹ŹֵͷҪǸΪƶģǻʲô鷢أ 
ܵģԶжһģ漴˸ղŻ뷨ͥȴڿ鷿еĺɫ½Ǹе˲Ƽֵ̫ˣൽĲ 
ر鷿еĺ·꣬һμ͸оһΣգΣƵҳ϶ǲģǸΣյĻɡ 
Ƹݵת˹ȥͥƱʾϾҪ鷿ˡ 
һûмءôرĻʲôʱһΰɡ 
ƽ鷿ͥûиȥȴԭϸϸľ׽ȥʱĻ 
41 
۵ĺɫ 
ͥĽʱ۵ĺɫͳˡ 
ͥıںڵĳչʱ򣬳ֳľ۵ĺɫ] 
ī 
īһֺҰ軨֣ƸȴֿɵãȴΪһ˵֡ 
Ҷ֪ī־Բǽī衣 
ֻҪһƼͻҡ 
ƸͥĽͣȴݣȻƵݣôǸ˲Լʲô˷Եģû˸ҷƣڰƼ䡣 
ƳīʱЦˣ֪ͥЦݣϲҲǰʶʶͥûмģҲʮϲͥеΣյģͥĵڶ顣 
һݡ 
ǵݳʱҲʾһĸˡȻʱֻǺԶĿī裬һߵͥǸо仯 
īԶԶĿݵʱҲЦˡ 
һֻ˵΢ЦɲǵľޣͥȷţҲǾʶͥȷţݺī񽻻˲䣬һֿϲͰ˵н֯š 
ҲͥǱΣʹ֧һ۾ͿûκֵУռ˾󲿷֡ 
ɫ 
۵ĺɫ 
ĺɫ 
˲ں޷Ҳʲôīǰ 
īƺϲɫĺɫǵûоţͥЦˡ 
ĺɫЦб߽ˡ 
ʧȥɱҲ͵ݲȥˡ 
īЦ˸еʵЦ 
īۣ·Ѿ͸ͥġ 
ľѾΣյϲǣϲһˣ 
ͥɫˣīĻ䶼ʵһĵĳС 
˵һ㶼Ʋ𣿡 
īϲһֲεľɥ 
ͥôΪǾھɱҰɡ 
ϸĲںɫ۵ĳôİףôİףɫıпֱ̬˵ľС 
ͥסˡ 
˲䡣 
ϸСĶеͥϵѪ 
ͥôһеΣյ˵Ļڸ滰ƻ˺ĻҾԻġ 
ͥһ𰸺ī軺ջذףΣյҲͬʱ˺˼Цú⡣ 
ʵǸбȤˣֻҪٷ֮һĺƭͺˡϧֻϺ꣬лϺ꣡ 
˵꣬ī߽Ƶ鷿 
ͥԭؿЦ̫
42 
ƵķҰԵζ 
ÿ춼Ƹζȴбļˡ 
ī軨ڻϴµľŨζ 
ǽڷ޳ָÿѹϵʯţϸĿš 
Ŷ֪ˣҪҽ˵Ļҿɲڰˡ 
ŶоŶ˵ĴڣڰƼһֻī衣˵ֻҪ㲻ȥͨ籨˦ֶΣô֪һԸġ֪Լ񡣡 
īһûһµ벦ī¯ 
̾㻹ôСʱʱϲ㱧СʱҲϲճңԴҰǸ¸֮Ҿֻʣ¼ˡСͰƭˣϷ治֪˭ģͽ񶼲ˡ 
īߵƵǰǡΪ㣬СʱӰ̫ֻǼѣҿ㣬ӦøеܸˡΪǱ㺦һҿɲ뵱ڶơ 
ЦϻȥǸݾŲ𣿡 
īѧ̾ȺԻı̬Уôܷŵأ 
ƵЦ죬׾ͻˣҵҲ͸øһˡ 
īĪĹâҲ뿪Ƽˡ 
֪̾ȥķߵʱȥֻСèɣ֮ҾͰѳڵĵص㡣㣬ߣôҲæҲͻɡ 
֪ˣ 
Ц룬ҵȻȫ˳ֻϺ뷨ȥ 



 




ŬĿֵܾĴֺͷ 
ӣ 
ĸоĿܡ 
ڵֿ 
Ӧõֿ 
ӦǺЦһƼĻͲڷˡ 
ʲôʱӦģôǵˣ 
Сڣ 
ֻèҪ𣿾üͷ 
Сֲ 
ҵ˳ˤɵӣͺӭЦײ˸ 
Сѵðֵ˺µЦĻȻֻɫèܡɡ޸ͬʱĥ伸¡ 
Цǰӣѹȸеľܵ˻еСɻߵĴ 
Ц΢ЦŵݳСڣȽϺá 
ͻȻټЦշЦֲˣǴž֣ղЦҲΰɣʹԭΡ 
Σյ˫ۣԣΣôǲǸûȥˣ 
ɵɵĵ˵ͷȻֻΣӦòʹ˰ɡ 



 




43 
ʹ 
֪Լֱƭˡ 
ӣҸѪİɣ 
Ҫ 
Ҫٱƭˡ 
Ϊʲô 
ûЦôƯ 
ǿɡ 
Σյ 
ûбɣ 
ƭңһ뵽 
Ժ󶼲ƭأ 
ҪǣЦ˵ԺͲԼԼֲһ𣡡 
˵Ұأ 
Цעⲻġ 
ûʽ˵ 
Ұ㣡 
˵ƭңھƭˡ 
ԸⲻԸ⣡ 
Ը⣡ 
á 
 
˵á 
áĽڼҵвСҧ˾磬ֲС˵ˡҰ㡱 
ڶ죬Цˡ 
ʣѪûʲôķ 
ЦЦûУ 
üǻʹ 
Цʹ 
Ӽ̧ͷҪĳ׵ĳߣٲԭ¾Ǹˣ 
ЦЩˣƼ䶼߲ȥĻôߣ 
ӢֻҪӵĵطûгȥġ 
ЦҲЦˣģȥԺ˸һŵͼҲҪߣ 
˵ȥĳǰɣһܺ棡 
Цüͷһ£Ҳֻȥˣ 



 




񣬿ɫѾһš 
񣬿ɫݾͻ뵽һҲʹˣǺɫһٲ˼ݵ΢ʹ΢΢ᣬȴֹס 
ÿϵҶ 
һƬһƬ 
ƮеʱǺɫͷ·ЦЦ뵽˳Цһ̣һϮĺϸ壬͸ļӿҪúñͷ 
뵽ͥǺޱĵĽ̾˿ѱôȥˣ 
˼ˣ 
ͥӽڤеݡ 
ûͥ⣬˿Ҳλܹܴ˻ 
ƸһôĬԵġֻڴοͥеĸʱݸоԼĮ 
֪һаɣƣڰףǹĵ飿֪ģ԰ɣ 
ͥںƵĶԻ֮󳹵׵ĵйݵһУںʲôĻܹݵע⡣ 
룡 
ûͥȻΪԼô˼ǶԼһжʮɻûа취ĻΪն̸ġ 
44 
ͥЩÿУʹֻһ롱֣ҲǴз 
Դ֪ͥǰҵνġʴ֮ͥͿʼǸϣСʴɱԵʵлģͥԼݵ׿ǻôǱ 
ݵͥż˵֪һУֻǻ۹ɨݣʹǱŨܽëסû뿪ǱȾػһĺҶֻһֵĻشûгɹסݶǿ֪һе 
֪ͥԼʤ룬ЩֵҪ 
Ҹ𰸵ʱҿһĿ𣿡 
˵ʱͥѾ߽ݣ̽Ķ 
ûֹͥҲĬΪ 
ϸڵüëüëӢͦıǣǿĴϳɵ̳һĲ˼ûκεĳɷֵĴ 
쵽ͦεľͦϵİͨߺ쿴ȳӵһ 
ʴǱΪƼȫڱƶȥ峤ʱ԰Ƽ䣬סȴѡʧȥİʱԡʴԼ 
֪峤ͰƼԭ˻ƵĶӣΨһĲдߣҲǱü̳ˡ 
һȥȫ˵Ҳ˻Ƶ 
ԭǸΪħ壬ǵǣðƼġѪƼ䡣 
Ȼ󣬰ݵ뿪˰Ƽ䣬İȴΪ뿪ϵѰšʴҪһУڲ֪𽥵ʵ֡ 
ľǡʴҿȱҰɣ 
Գţԭеһв˵Ϸ˵ĸףĵԼЦףһжѵаֻˣ䣿Ц 
ұǸ䣬ǿ˵ġҫ۵ʴƼһУ 
Ҳţ 
ͥҵעУͻȻһԼ˵ĳ嶯˿̣ΨһˣЦ 
һƬҶƮڵϡ 
45 
յЦֽڵȴ 
ʹ֪ѾǰƸ;УݻڵȴЦ٣ôǿҡһġ 
ϸЦЦЦŵЦһںҶ׷ɵƸԺġ 
ˣ 
ƮƮ 
ֻЦ 
þŶģͥģðĵˡ 
º͵Цһġ 
ɫ۾ºͣʹ̲סҪ׽ 
ˡ 
ˡ 
ΪʲôҼ 
ΪѾڰƼˡ 
Ϊʲôֽ 
Ҫģһ˵ּǺ׵ģο־ҽ̵ġ 
ԭֽдģ 
ԭֻǺ׵ȴʱݸеʧ䣬Ҳߣڰ֮ǰûУΪʹֻһССϣҪЦʹֻ֪Ȧס 
Цˣ쳤ЦЦдһõĶĵġ 
ÿΪܹʱ֮ 
𣿡 
ʵҪɫ·㻹Ǵɫ·Ƚ˳ۡ 
ѵֻɫ·ĪҪǣÿ˶¡ο̵ңŶҲΪҡ 
ȴǰ£ 
ϵЦΪݵĻʧˣһ˲䣬ֻһ˲䡣 
̽ʲô֪ͥѾ𣿡 
ݵǵĹ⣺һбûʲôֻ©һˣҪˣֻδᣡҲĻɣͥ鵽һǲǱʲô˶ֽˡ 
ƻЦЦһģκ˶δġ 
ԣȷʵкöδ֪ 
̾˿𣬿ݣƽŵŶƭ㣬סǰ˵滰ˣҲҲڶˡ 
Ҳԡ 
Ҳԡ 
һܳĹ£ˣԸż־ͼ֣Ҳûϵֻһ¶ѡ 
֪Ҫʼ©Ĳ֣Ǻܰš 
֪㸸Ϊʲô𣿡 
ҡҡͷ 
ΪǸҰȡġĺӣһĺӡ 
ƿһۣ㲻һҲ˺ܶණ 
ʱϣԼİǣֱҶû취֪ûаʹԴĳ谮˽ҵ˶֪һˣ˵Ҹûκεĸ飬ҳϡʵϣҲֻǸĵˣһΪԼһֱĵˡ 
ƵЦûˣϵı飬·ǵһңԶУݴʱǸܵһʵҲЦδǶ˸оܰ˵ûЦݵ˸оС 
46 
ʮʱǺܿɰģɰһ̵Ǳ˵ĺӣҲ뵽һܹķҰ˹¶ҳĶˣҵǰԶô 
̳ҵһУʱֿȵ飬ʵֻǶҽһԼϲãȴ⵱һָ 
һαװˣҲȫļ̳ҡ֪ҶûʲôʱһǼαװţе˶ΪһԸΪӵҸκĺǼ鷢ǰ㸸׶һֱôΪġ 
İݵİɣ֮ǰǰΪһжռΪеıӵˣ̳ıӡ 
ݴСǿҵĶռ׵ݶĸе££ݳ׵ĺమˣ֮Ϊ˶ķŭͲģʮ꿼İԼȻݺ˽ˣе˵ʱôΪġ 
ǣʵϲˣ濴ĸԴҡԭݽҪϵ˽ݸжƵ鶼󻨷˾޴Ĵȥ˵ģмʹЩֶΣݺ֮ƵĻ 
㸸ԭǺĺӣҶİڲİʱ򣬿ʼҡϾ̳һңѪƵģҹѪȴǶġ 
ʧʱһжģŶ˵Ĳ̺ͶڰƼĳӣ뿪ˡ 
ֻһӵǿҵİڱˣҳڼܹôǿҵİİҶеİޣȻͨĺޣҰа˺̣ȥ˵İɱ㸸׵ʵң𣿡 
ݵұ㣬ҲӦú㣬ҷҺ޲ҲܺһûκθĿˣñ˺㣬ĺѰԼĴڣΪһ޵ĸоеˣҿ㡣 
ƶݣҰЦɱˣ㻹ܲ𣿡 
ЦˣһǾԲȥɱġ 
Ŷ 
Ǹ˾ЦֻߣܸоһΪ˲еĸ飬ôɱ 
̾ЩΪʲôô˶᲻ɱˣҲЩ᲻ˡǡ 
ˣôѾ׼ˣ 
47 
ʱĻǲĶӣ̲Ըһޡ 
״ݺƽҹĿͬˡ 
ƺϰ˳Ĭ׵ľûкҶҲûī裬еֻŴŰµĿꡣ 
Ѿһˣ 
ҪֻҪɱ㲻Ϳˣ 
ҪƼһ𣡰ƣ 
 
ҾͿһֱĿֻҪڰƼ䣬ҾͿһֱ߰ţƶΨһİԼܰô԰˵İߣ 
һˣƼԭ֮һסűҸɱ˵ĵط 
ǣһˣҰʱݳˣ֮İȫݣ·Ǹһӵ䱦ʱֻһӤǵİ޽֯ɵҵİʵķ顣ǰ˶ʹţȴǰŲʹţȷʵ 
׵˷Цжŷ 
ݵУʱİײǸǰǹȴʼҲץģĺӡ 
ܶʱ²ܹ̫ƣڰ׷лһ㲣㲣ʲôֻһֵ֪ڲʱ 
صıУεĴȱģҪֻһǾǡ 
ϣ 
̣ 
ܡ 
ڰ׳׵ʵǲʵʵĻ֮ǰܡ 
˸ԼʱһֻɫĴ 
ֻſڳֹİɫ񣬻ǰذס 
Ӷ˲䣬Ц 
죬ץסӣ 
ݲ˼ץסͻȻǰӣһɾ޴ʹ˵棬̧ͷһȴЦһһͷ޴ӥϣץŸӣӵһͷУһһƼ߽ĺҶɽ 
ЦҪײˣ 
ۿҪײǰɽڣݴС 
ģң 
ݱ۾ûиоԤڵײʱѾĲݵϡ 
¥ 
׿űԼƷеİ񣬿ǱѪ͸˵İɫţŶΪ˾͸İô 
@_@ 
48 
Цԭִŵı𣬽ֻһԭͲӦ̤ľ֣ôЩŬǷǰ׷ѣ 
ݳ˰ƼŸĦźɫ޵Ц 
ݸ磬ȻѾֻһ֣ЩνĳҲžֺαѰգ 
ЦЦţһЦа˹˰һ 
ݵ˵ͷüͷѾ뱨ˣֻûŵ˶Ҹֻһ𡣵ֻ̺ͰƼ䣬һ߶Źǡ 
Цѣܺһ𣬶һǶһҸʹҲԵУܹһһӣҴ󡣡 
ȻЦãǾһһӣҲҪֿ 
ЦüнȤЩðٲݰŪЩʡܳһ˸㣡 
ʣٲأڰƼ𣿡 
оȻû˿ĵġ 
Цȥĳ,ȥɣǸرĵط 



 




ٴνݵķʱݵĻǽһ¡ 
ԴʳЦι֮Ѿûˡ 
Цߵʱ򣬶˵ʵҸҲһˡ䲻˵ʲôãҸİǸƵģҲûӦǰǸΪǶħ˵ġ 
̧ͷЦҰֻƣԴΪ֮ҽֻܰһˡ˵ҰĴλҵһУҺܰ 
Ц̾ҰݣҪ뾡һеİ취ȥȡҵİ飬ҲŴ˸ףҺͬǣиҵĺõ׳ɳĹȴûôһˡҲǲڱԱջİ飬Ҳİ̫Ũ˼ʻİ飬ڲ˵ģһ׵ġ 
ݿʼ˼ĻЦЩڸףҲƣ㣬ֻһ˸ȱߵƷһøԼһеģҪȥˣһΪǸطΪȥˡҵҲ 
ʱֻȰһ䣬ٺ޸ˣֻһ˵ɵϣһΪųˡ 
ݺ֪Цա 
ǶѾˣЦûлĲ 
49 
ȻЦʱ˵ĻЦݵİȴûκηԵ˼ŻһеȴЦ 
⼸źСųӳ̣ӳԭԵķˣ͸ķ˿һ˵ʵӳ˺ӣݵĺӡ 
ݵĺӣ 
ǵģ֪ݰ˲ңһΪҶİЩʲô 
ĺӣݶҲԶˣԶҲ֪ΪһУһУ𣿡 
Ҳֻ֪ҪЩ䣬˵ҲѾ㹻 
ֻǽȻ̣ȴһƬģЩʮҸʱ಻֪ģ֪һе˶ΪӦԭŰ 
ô㶼ô˵ɱˣӦԭԭ𣿡ݼվ 
ӳҡҡͷˣΪʲôҪñమŵ˱˴ĥֵز 



 




󿴼Ϻµ飬˳ȥ 
 
֪ңңҲҲڿϺµˣֻͬ˵һι£Ŷ뿪ʱңЩ鲻˵㽫ԶԭҡһֱΪ˵֮ҲңΪ縸ֵĵƣͻŵơ 
ڽЦӳκȰҲڵִ󽲻ˣһ̾˵ʲô˵ɣ 
㻹ǵСʱϲ𣿡 
ƽȵĺʡ 
ִ 
ϲƸ㽲£Сƽ ζҪīɢĻ㣬ҪӨĽóԵĶҪǵĵ١ 
˵˭Ҫܹŵī軰㡣ӨУٵζͼ޸ 
˲䣬ҾͰˣɡֻδ˷УֻҺƵֳ 
ŵʱôĸˣ֪̫飬ԶУɢΪѵõҼ˸취ưѰƼйǡǺͷصﶼ죬Ϊľطõ 
50 
ΪץסӨҵı˵һˣҰӨʱȴΪʧѪ˹ȥ 
ʱ΢ЦŸңѾӨˣܸˡܸˣұּæĸȥǣ١ٳּΪʵ֮⻹һʮҩƼûٵң˵ҩһϲͨݰɣһѾǧġɵɵĵͷ 
ڶ죬Ҹ㣬ΪһУȴƵĻлһСָΪ٣һ֮ʹȴеıӡСԴǵң鼱֮˵ȥ 
ȥʱ룺ҶҪīԵĽϡ 
īڷǵĳ綴ף綴ԭǸҶΪ˵õī裬һˣȴҲֻǿסһЩӡ 
صƼ䣬ҰԺڵڶĴһϲû뵽ȴڵڶĴ죬ԺīĺԺĻݣȻѾΪ飬ͺɡ 
Ƶ 
ҶʱһУԭƳҡ 
ҲΪʲôΪʲôƵʱ㣬ȴԸƵİڲΪʲôҪң 
ڿͷ˲䣬ҷŭҳ˽Ҫɱƭӡȴֹ 
ΪƽϢҵķŭǶʮԼһΪʮҿ԰ѶİתƵϣΪ˷ңôԼġҶĸȴǹһ궼ġ 
ȴڳ׵ʧˣ֮ͬһһÿ춼Ʋ㣬ôģˣ֪ 
ܲˣҿˣûĵطڱˣѪͳˣʾҵĲ̺ҿʼѪֻҪ˺еˣҾɱֻҪеҾӶᡣֱ˺ʼĽҲſסַͬʱҲˣûκܴ㡣 
ӴµԼ͵͵ĿŶ룬˵ݡ 



 




ΪʲôʵΪʲôĿеǸӢ۾Ȼ㣿 
˵⻰ʱѾ¥˻С 
ҲϤõжô࣬ҲжôĲŰҴδڹκһ顣Ҳֻ㣬Ŀܺᣬʹ Ȼ̣ȻĲбһҪ㣬û˱Ҹ㣡 
§סݣһ˿ļ϶ 
ƽӽңһҵԸʱĿеӢۣΪҰƣɱ˰ԭһɱˡʹǷ㣬ʹĲ˺ܺõɣһǣǲơ 
ȻŲº⣬ȴܹϸϸǰ˫дİ⣬ʹ֪ΣֻҲںɺǰħһ𳥻ЩǷծ 




51 
ˮ棬ˮǧϵĴ̸ˮУ֦űˮһڷƮˮеĴǰ·ΪУĳ˴ֻĴڣߵĺ˳ס֦ġ 
ǰʻղס֦ʱ۵Ҷ뿪֦ӯС 
꿴ԼϸµմȾ˵ʪʪ 
Ц 
ݸ磬ǰǶĳˣ 
ĳΪǣ۷ΧʵȴٲȻԳһ 
ˮ԰ƼΪİѶĳǺĳǰһΪȫǶĳǵˡ 
һվڴͷ紵°ڣʹһƮȻɵ 
Цõʲôŵһζ 
תֲ֪ʱѾл˸̳ӡ 
¶õǹ¶˿̣Ѿٹ¶ 
ݱǾȾĴˣӭϣס̰ľƵϣǱ̾ţЦԶֿã 
ʱһֵ·õص 
ǰȥԭѾҪ˳ǰ 
밶ֻס 
Ҳֻס 
󻹸٪壬Ƥޣղײصȴµ˫졣 
˵ʮֵĺƣ٪ʮ׶ 
ݼֻʮ档 
Цĸȴɫһ䡣 
ǡšĳ֮ǰҪͨġšĳҲ뾭ġšݲ֪šЦ֪Ц׼ĸɵŵ˲ɱһٸˣѪɺӣȴҲʬ޴棬Ц뵽˫Ļˣ£ҪŻµĳ嶯 
ԼҲȡšЦŶԲʱеһˣǾŹ𣿳˵ֻҪǾŹ˵ĻͷС 
ЦһʶĳǵĳΨһһκ͸һ𵽶ĳǣڽʱǹѪȵĳ棬˶ĳǾûгΪ׼ķ䣬ĳǵĳӦʶġ 
ܹȥһȻá 
Цݵ˵ͷݸ磬Ҳֻжһˡ 
52 
ĳǵļǱһġ 
ĳУǶ졣 
Ķĳǰɫģĳһ붬ͿʼƮѩûûҹŶëѩ 
ǸĶ¥иžƣ̾Ϣš 
̾ϢΪϲѩ 
ϲ˪΢˪ 
⾳˵΢˪ҪȿѩԼ 
ĳǵѩƮ̫ΪƮ̫ģֻȥ˳ǵ䣬Ը˲ϲ 
Ƶˣļ󣬵Ļסʡ 
ϲ˪ϲơ 
ǣȴֻ˪ơ 
΢˪ 
ﶼؤ֣֪ 
ֵһݡĳǳȴ֪ġ 
΢˪ǿһݵģΪЦЦֻҪһᵽĳǣЦһַе֪ΪʲôҪ΢˪ֺͶĳǳݸԼʹھͳȥЦҲܣֻƾƣֻܡ 
һֻɫŸɫצһ̵ֽ֮ʧˣƺһ㶼ů 
չ˾ֽеľƺ͹һڣЩ飬Ǹ˽ˡ 



ӺϲĳǵˣΪҶԸ£ԴӦЦѰٲݴĳǣٲְһܿɰк֮ʼڵ 
ĭɣǸؼʱ̣ΣңȭһȭֱǾأǰߣ޹ˣǰ󣬲ӹžУ磬Ұޣǡ 
ͣ˿ĭ˴ҵľ۾񣬼Ӭӣ죬󰣬۷䣬룬ʲôûбҴ򵽣 
µ޲˿ 
иñƭ˵ʣ棬Ĺô𣿡 
֪ΪʲôҪĳ𣿡 
ҡͷ 
Ϊ̫~ 
쳤˶ȴģʦϸ¶˵ͽѾΪʦѧʮˣɻûʲôҪǽ㻹ȭѲӬĳǾɽɣΪʦ̲ıͽܡ 
ǣʵһȭ֮󣬱ɽҿϹϵˡ 
ںڵ˵ʱһ˻װʧϵİٲȺΧ˳ȥ 
53 
ӱȥķ򿴣뵹һ 
¾Ȼһ˶ 
̤ѩòͬȴֱΧһжʧȴɫһһ˵Ӱҫ۵ʹѩ˿ܹȥǵ 
˹ȥȴûеκһΪѩ׵ӰӵĶıΧǡ 
ˢˢλεž 
֪Цûżȥˡ 
˲䣬Ӹо׾ңԶ鼱֮£ȭӳͬûд򵽲Ӭӣ죬󰣬۷䣬룬ˣǣȭ󣬼ǧѩ 
ݵĽǺٳʵģΪûгʵıҪ 
ʱ 
ݵĽˣΪ˱Цʡ 
ôˣôĽôĽӵȭǧѩ 
һԿŵ˶ѾʫС 
 
ѩɫ 
˭Ҳ֪˲䷢ʲô 
ߵѩٶȵĹλʱֻʣʬ塣 
겻ˡ 
Ӳˡ 
Ϲͷˡ 
ĳѩѩʣµֻнȾѩʬ塣 
Ҿ֪ƭˣȭô 
һ仰еĿǣɢ󣬻ھ׽ŸղһĻ 
΢˪Ǹ¥ںžƣڿŴѩֻԶ˸ꡣ 
꣬΢˪һ뵽ľ뵽ʧȥݺ󣬵Ѱꡣ 
ҲЧֻҪҵκЦһƵꡣ 
꣬һ˫Цͬϸ׵֣ϲƷžƱָ߰һĺУЦ֡ 
鶯ʱҲϷйһһĵЦʱġ 
ѩͣˡ 
ɵ䡣 
ѩʱ䣬ûѩƮľƺʧЩζ 
΢˪ֹͣڤ룬Ҳֹͣ˺ȾƣԱߵһ֧ѡ 
ʹֻ΢ĽʿҲϵı롣 
𣬳תߣʧȥıУҲŵòĲȱϣһƵõһе˵һָı 
ϵĵϳʹʹԸΪһС 



54 
ĳȻΪĳǣȴֻסЩͽĳе˵ΪѶԶĳӵżе壬һЩųѾ嶼ڶĳп 
ҪһݶĳǵĻǾǡԻ 
ĳʢĸ 
ǺЦǻʹ 
ǺĳĶķ 
ص㣺ضֶ顣 
ЦĳĹ 
ЦȴҪСЦ 
ϰͷƵ־ͽзЦ 
ص㣺ȥͨڵڶһᱻӳ 
ЦȻֻһɫĳշȴǶĳģû˻ǸǮõڶ죬бӳռǡһֵǧ𡱣ֻһ̵ĴڷЦѾˡ 
ǻĳߵĽڣ߹˳˪ӡ 
ǾƳգôûǻ㲻ϵصľƳա 
ѣôûǻҲƲѡ 
Ȼ˶ĳǣܲȥǻƷһƷǧƣǾȡ 
ص㣺ڷǻʳ 
оƳڷǻ̳ 
һΪʹ 
ʹǸݡ 
С 
ƽ 
۵ݡ 
ڶĳǾס˱ȵʹһ⡣ 
ص㣺ĳûпջȴкܶõլܴܷʹʦͿڷʹ쵽һԿףڶи֮ 
ʹԿײãֻǲãֱǺáʹеʦ뽭ûһڰλ 
ʮʦʮӣʮ 
ĳǴӲߣԽȥԺ󣬳ĶѾˣûûõԿ׵ģҲᱻšɱ 
ǿʳĳǵ 
ݣЦٲݣӣѾվ˷ʹʮǰ档 
ǲԿ׵ģԿѾи˸ǡ 
˵ģΪ֪ǸҪҵ˾ĸ棬ÿӶܽһ顣 
ݿЦЦҲݡ 
ݸ磬ղǸصĺ˵ʮ棬Ҫһɻ˺ܾõ飬Ұҳ𣿡 
Цںһ㣬ټķѩҲɢˡݿЦӯӯ۲ͻȻһָоůĸо 
ѾΪһԱЦЦˡ 
뵽ݵһů־ 
ЦһΪҳģ 
ЦЦˣЦúǸֻݵЦݣҸЦݡ 
ʱ˵Ѻ϶Ϊһ 
һԿŵİٲ˵ȴ䣬Ҳ԰ӹһӣţҲۡ 
ֻûиоۡ 
ڴҶҸʱ˽ȥܽʮеһ䡣 
ö 
ٺö 
ȷһԼȭͷûбӲ 
Ȳ 
üӽȥֻСڡ 
Զľ˲õԤС 
55 
ǰ뵽Сڣɫ۾ɫͷĶ䣬ɢСڱˣһӵġ 
èӯ֫嶯͸һġ 
ٶȵɴ۾ʱ򣬿ëȻֻ͸ļ硪 
Ҳèˣ 
ҡҡͷèˣˣ 
ϵķˣڰķ˲ 
գգۣۣСıˣ 
û뵽ǣСڵĶͷϻè״ӡǡһСڣͰ 
 
èΪҳϵһ壬֪Ϊ˶ҳϣһҪѽɱˣֳԭֻڲʹû£ҵ˹ƽı䡣 
һߣûʤģñˡ 
ҪȣӺöӱҲ̫ˣȻЩܽܣСԭǸЦꡣ 
Ǹഺڵ꣬׶εеľǿУ˫ȭȷʵһ˫ֵýȭͷ˫ȭܶεıԼҲ˱ˣȴҲֻǸӣһ̫֪жߵĺӡ 
ӵȭͷԼȭһ¶ûɨ꣬½Ƕûճʱӿʼеܡ 
ݲͬûھıС 
֪ĽȻ޳ɾĹȱҲԸ⿴ġ 
ӵȭͷյĺܽܽһֱûɿ 
ôôһˣ 
ĵǶӵӡ 
ӷŭˡ 
ȻȥþȫȥȻǷŭһȭŭͨǺܴģһȭҲܴ󣬴󵽰Ӹˡ 
һȭûд꣬ҪȭȴǸֹűӴƵǽڵķ 
ͨӵȭͷĿӺͺٴοǣһڵؤš 
ʣ֣ôʦ 
΢˪Ϊʲôʦ 
ЦΪˣ㲻Ӧʦ 
΢˪ˣ 
ЦָָڵϵˣΪʲô¹򣿡 
΢˪Ц⡣㲻Ϊҵģ 
Ц΢ЦԣҷӣǻһҪҶԸһˡ 
΢˪˭ 
Цף 
΢˪֪鷳 
ЦôȴһֱңöЩ鷳ˣ 
ݸҲֻЦܰ鷳ͷˡ 
΢˪ʵʲôʱ֪ҵһݵģ 
ЦԿף˵һڡʹʼ 
΢˪εЦСҪ飬вӦ𣿡 
36 
ھı£Сûнķֵط 
ġ 
죬ȴ˶ķǶĳĶķǺ 
ķȴûдӣΪӲǮģ 
СѾèӣɢſӵļϣһҲèȻè峤Ķӡ 
ǺĴʮӣʮľڽš 
ӵĿȴǵʮӣСӣڷǺĽ䣬һƹǡ 
Ӷ죬ǳûбıԣ 
ֱһֻյյоƣɫľƣ 
ʵһ˵ˡΪһ𣿡 
ΪʲôҪҵ 
˵ˣһ˵ˡͬΣյʱ򣬻ҪΣա 
һѵǾ 
Ǻ¥һ Ǿ 
޴ڣЩӡ 
̫ˣҪ޴ڣܹĵ㣡ǳΡ 
Ҳȥģ 
ɲ㣡 
ЦΣգҪȥˣ 
̾˿ұûԹԸһȥ 
һ죬סӵıӣϵǱƹӵĿУӵס󣬱߳˷Ǻ 
вԾʹܹһ㰮˰ô书ٵ΢Ҳ᲻֪ġ 



ٲ·Цʱգڵÿ뵽ٲݵϾͻһҸЦݣůůģʹǱƽϷ˲ƽĹ⡣ 
ٲ֪ЦҪܶӵģûӣǽȥġ 
οٲݲȥѰֻ䣬۶벻ˡֻڷЦſվһһ˲һ˫ѩ׵˽ȥ 
䣡 
ٲʮֵ𾪣ô֣ 
ЦֻûǮҶ 
㼸£ 
£ 
ȭӳȥ 
ǰ䳤һзЦˣٲݴסˡ 
ңǲΪҳĺһˣ 
䣬ҵİˡ 
һ磬˫̥磬֪иյĵط 
ѹһģһ 
֪аٲݣҲ֪Ҹϲ㣬Ҫ㣬ԶǸݵꡣ 
Ϊʲô 
ڵģΪŵͬһˡ 
ҵˣҵѣΣյĻһҪȥȵģ 
ٲô˵Ц֪ٲǸˣȻǸˣˣһģٴοĵӣԡ 
Ҳȥģ 
ٲݵǰһڣû֪ 
57 
ǺþƣˣԲ¡ 
ڷЦеؼнеġ 
ΧһС̺꣬ϵĲˣֻ࣬ˡÿ˶ѡ 
 
ЦĲÿܿɿڣÿǼƷЦȤڱϵһ趹ѿ 
趹ѿܹʮӨ͸СĴָϸƷѩ׵ڣһ˿һ˿ģӶѿڿյĴлľ磬ʮŨ 
ѩĳɵ˿ɣôأЦһ󣬾ʡ 
 
÷ھƸĻгζЦȤ΢˪ 
 
ʲôˣʡ 
 
΢˪ЦЦǷǻˣС롯 
 
룿룬һЦ⵹ʵˡ 
 
Цּһһ߳ԣһʣ˵ǷǻˣôǰʱûԹأ 
 
Ƕǰĳǵģ΢˪ЦЦ 
 
ǰɣЦЦ˵ 
 
ûԹǷǻǰġôԾ̣ˡ 
Աߵ̳ǰĽе˾ơ 
Ҫ˵ζƷ׵ĻͱҪջơ΢˪ 
Цһ˾ƱȺһھڳһڲˡ 
ȻζˣϧٲݺӲ֪ܵȥˣζ 
һ 
ˡ 
ֻЦһ޼ɵʳȡ 
ûжӣҲûоپƱ̫飬ѧ˹۲ͻɡȻ΢˪ԶЦĳݣôҲĶοҲں̵ˣȻƲǺķߣôѱ΢˪Ǳߵˡ 
ΪɵǣЦҪһȥԸף΢˪Ӧ̫ˬˣˬ쵽˻ڵһжֻ塣 
ݲΪ΢˪¶ 
΢˪Ǹˣ֪¶ɱǺܲǵģ֪΢˪ϲЦԲЦԵĶ¶ 
µһƷƼȺͻήԼľ裬˱ʺԼʱķӦ 
Ĺͷ˲ķӦǺҪģһͻ޷ء 
ЦûȰݳԺȣЦҲһĲ΢˪ǰٲݺӵʧȴ΢˪ֽţӵ΢˪ˣǶĳǳʼЦ֪ǸճѨѣΪ΢˪һֱ֪ڶĳ˵ԼϲԸԼ࿴һǾʲô飬Ƕǲ顣 
֮ԳԵôΪ֪Լ¶뽵΢˪ĽģпߵĻᡣ 
ôңҲͲװˣȷʵǸ塣 
΢˪ô˵ЦݵĶһ 
58 
磬СҺܺãǰ׻ҪͻȥǾЦһΣЦϾ뿪ﲻ鷳ˡ 
΢˪̾ЦҲ̫СˣƼķѣѱҺǽ˲ǳһ罻ֶΡڵʵǡҪҵʱҲŴӦôˬ졣 
ΪʲôҪɫζѩ䡣֪һĶҪϡ 
Ц㻹һֱܰ㣬ܰÿζı׵һ˵ϷԼϲ˵ԼΪ˶һЦҰ㡣Ϊҿ㰮ű˶𣿡 
һֱ㵱õѣϲҾͲӦģɱϲ  
ǲǰɱģҪ֪ҲκһųһҹģҪ㿴̬ٳӣҪٵҲܰΪֹ 
΢˪˵ⷭʱ¶Ķ񶾣Цĺ֪ôġ 
΢˪˵֪ΪʲôӵôĶҩȴֻ֡ѩ䡯𣿡 
ݵΪѩ䱾ǸΪ˷ȴΪǸ˷һ֮ǸΪ֪飬˱ˣĵʧˡòԴԱȰɡ 
ԣ˵ûд֮´˶Ҳһҵʹ࣬йֶ˴Ϊ֡ѩ䡱ʧʱ׶ĵʹԾˣֻҪܰʹ࣬ͲҴӦЦˣ㽫ʹࡣ 
ûг΢˪˵ͷġЦ˵Ц㡣ǿ𽥾ҵʹ࣬ݴӷǻĶ¥˳ȥ 
΢˪ҲֻЦԼҪߵģʱΪʹൽԾ㲻ٹҡ 
Цûۼöˡѩ䡱ΪʹԾ֪ˣͱضʹࡣһ뵽ݻȥЦĻ䡣 
ȾֻҪҪʲôҶӦ㡣 
޸ҲԸ⣿ 
ԣԸ޸㡣 
ˣȥ˭һΪʹʧȥ־ˣͰסҪԾ 
 
ʱûĿĵĺֱײ 
ʹ裬࣬ꡣ 
Ϊ˼ʹ࣬ϵʹϧԲУͷȥײǽڣײͷѪЩϵʹԶԶܺǴʹȽϡ侳ˣԶ񲻳ʹĿ¡ 
 
֪߹Լ͹˶ҩ 
ʹţûʶôֿûá 
нĸͷֻҪɱܹѡ 
ͷԽԽأе˼ʹʹ˵ЦҲһеİ޽ѣһֻѣֻҪٸоʹ࣬Ӧáɱ 
 
ѾˣʶʹĥΪľʱݵ־ԼȥʱͻȻһ˫ֹɱ 



 




59 
ҿɲϣǧǾʬ塣 
ԭ˾Ȼ׷˶ĳǵİסݴʱΪʹ֪ǰ˭ֻ֪иֹɱֹѡ 
ֻţ˻㣬ɡ 
ЦҿɲϵˣҲˡ 
ݼɱҡ 
 
׼ǷӲװ̾˿ӣĪʲᶾ 
 
־Ѿ壬ֻо˲ֻҪҽѣʲôԡ 
׶ˣĶǿ궼ΪһС 
׿µһ˸ƣһĸһΧ˹˼ֵܴݹһ 
 
Ҳ֪ʲģǼޱȣҲ޷ѡ 
 
쵽ˣĳûκ˷ݣżҪ΢˪ҲݣЦǵ޸ΪѾˣҲΪʹ˺棬ʬѾʳʳʬ޴ˡ 
е˶ûиоٹ 
ڰ׵ǿ£˵죬˽ѣȴ󲡳ûһ˿ 
 
뵽ԼԼܸӦЦ֮ԼеһֻģЦһѾΪ˰ɡԭΪԼ书Ѿ㹻ߣҲѾܷḻû뵽˲䱻С 
Ļ֮䣬ʱȷֻһߡ 
 
ҪûбץĻֻҲѾܹʹ尾ģԾˡ 
˰Ҳ֪ǵĸĻ 
 
սײ֪ϲʲôһֱܹͥ̽졣ûаݱץƣƺʲô 
 
ֻǰȻٰչˣȴ֪İףڴʲ⡣60 
³ 
峿 
ɫ࣬ɫ࣬ˮɫ࣬ɫࡣ 
ɫľ޷ɫɫļװ塣 
װվˣǿ 
Ļϸݡ 
ݿſˮ棬ҲĽѽ⣬¶˾Υ΢Цģһ˿֪ǻڹһȥƣڵİ 
ôݺЦľô 
ǰºͣŰϢȥаһֵӢԵԸȴô׸ı䡣 
 
ЩԸݲٶԣʼǰһʹ޵ҲĻ̫˰˰ɡ 



 



ˣûз֡š֪ڶĳǲǳʲôʣ 
˵⻰ʱ̬ɼδİ׷⼸챻Եĺܳס 
µҫͺµɪԣûжҲûг 
˭ 
ɪһӼװһ˺һֻè 
걻ץǵţе˵һɪϰץɿĻ 
˵ҽӣҲʶңһʶЦЦѣҪҲҪ 
е˶֪òӣòһͻȻðˣʹ˵ЦѣҲֻԼ˵ģûܹ֤ 
ʱ󿪿ˣû˵ѣֻϧѾҴкˣһֻè꣬͸ 
Ӣ۾¶˰ȴڴûʶôʲô 
ݿ̣Ȼû˵ѣȥɡ 
֪ԼԶܹܾݵҪģ˵ͷ 
ڸ˵ȴȻԼΪεܶˡ 



 



ٲʱˣǷЦ 
һܴĲ棬滹һˣһʱҲЩ޵ˡȡ 
ȺѾ˺ܾˣõɱȿʮֵĴȫû˺̻İ 
Ц˵ӦɳУôڷЦĲС 
ȼٲʣôģ 
ٲݲʣôģ 
ȿЦӽġ 
ٲݵǱκؽġ 
ȵһˣ֪ԭʲô𣿡 
ٲݵҪ֪Ͳˡ 
ȵԭƼԱĻء 
ٲʣǸ˿г˾Ǵ𣿡 
ȵ˵ͷұͨȻذƼٻߣǺ˵⡣ 
ٲʣƼ䲻ǺͺƲôһƼͿԻغأ 
ȵȻ֪ܻܲգҾͰɡҺȻЧҵˣȴҲưڽߵļߡ 
ٲʣô˻᲻֪Ǽϸ𣿡 
ȵǶΪЧҵģȻ֪οҲǼϸĿǰΪֹǻûʲôԽ顣 
ٲ֣˵Ǽߣ 
ȵֻǵһЧҵĶΪʵ̵˶ǺƼˣ֪ˡοҲǲʴȣ˵Ҳûʲô𺦡 
ٲֵǴûƵ˿¾治̫ɡ 
ȿЦһƼ䣬һۼƣûԼʹ֪ǸܰκˣһֱпܵİˣһԸΪ˶κ顣֪߳Ƽ䣬ʱңʱҸᣬʹȷֻ֪ңûһ˿İҲԸΪ˶һС 
ٲ뵽ԼİҲĿΣҲȵ˿ྡһ죬ӵеֻоĶǰ˲һͬ顣 
취ܰɣ 
61 
ӣΪӲŽģҪҳȥǸ˼𣿡 
ȵ͸κͿɬ 
ٲݿ䵽ϣ֪ȲٴɳУҲ֪ӱܵɳû뵽ɳȻôĲ̣ȥȵ˫ֻ֣ΪǿԷһ˫֣һ˫֡ɳڻȥʤ㣬ҲڻȥȽĽ 
˭ǰٲݣ˰ٱİٲݣа취ȥǰҲϲ㡣 
ٲһٸš 
˫ʧȴ⣬һϣ⡣ 



 



Цһת۾ͷֱ֮һߵİٲݲˣұЦûҵٲݡ 
һأһʱٲӦòܻߣѵŵİٲݱµΪҪƼȥĻӵǸ񷿣 
Цӿ˽Ų滹һˣϣٲݲҪźá 
񷿵űƿˣ˵ʾЦһʵ 
ٲݿ߾ͺˣĳǣӵԽԶԽáǣЦ֪ٲǸܽˣ˳ȥĵһȥѡЦ 
ΪĲ˳ȻһĿǰѡݵѡ 
԰ٲݵĽȻĺܲڱڷЦҪһٱʵĴڷЦУ˿Աһ˷Цͻһˣһɵˡ 
Ц֪ǳĲԼķ䣬ˡҹɫҹ£ 



 



ݣӺ˴ɪҫͰ׷ɣԼЩ꿴شֻ 
ĲɵģһֱŰ׷ɣҲӼ׷ɵĵһ۾ûֹͣ 
ڵżٵɱ¾ʵڲټ̵ 
ΪֻԼܱݣһֱǸŵĺͺԸˣû˸ţû˸һ书 
һ̶ȵĸ֣ǵĽһ㲻ʣΪûбҪĽͨʱѪ֪ݲϲѪĽʣΪݡ 
ͬ΢˪ģ֪ϲľŶǻõ鰮۶ᣬз֮ʹġҪؾŶ 
ɪɱƺ󣬿ݵʹʱҲڹ֪һĬĬػű˵İˣģһҪءʱԸ޸ƣ˵ǶһӢ۵ĳǸŵӦںİĻôһҲ 
ЩʱѾѹʮȫĶڵأûһ˱ɱ 
ݿ˱ʺ󣬸ղŵĵĻΪУҲȥ 



 



ӿһһµˣ̾ԼȻܲȻôֵĶûпǸһֱɫ俴Ĵӣû뵽ĲɵҲôЩ˾ϵ⣬һ㻹ֵضû,׸ҪǸè꽻֣ӼҪΪǵ书̫ĲŻ 
ȻֻпϷķݣԱͰɣֻǲ֪Цôˣ 



 



¥ķ羰ĺܲ 
Ц˵ĴʵȻ˼ҲΪ˵һʵŹ 
ڴӦҵʱѾ뵽Ҫ㣬𣿡 
΢˪Լɫÿһ㣬Լһ㣬Цƭʮֶ꣬϶ʮ 
֮ΪԼ˵ֿʵ֤ǺܿƵ 
62 
ĳǵҹġ 
ĳǵĶҹǾģǹҫµɫۣȰʱ˼֣ȴȰʱ˵ɫ 
ƹ⣬յյǹ⣬㣬¹⣬ 
һеĹⶼ͸˺ʵѩöĳǼʹҹҲô 
ĳǵҹûвֵʱǸҹûвʱ 
ҹȴһǸ 
΢˪֪ԼǿЦЦһԭŹЦЦ 
ԣһֻֿסЦģһֻĽЦ· 
Цļܰף쳣İףҲ쳣ϸ壬΢˪ֽӴϸ֮ҲΪĴж̾Ϣ 
´ȫ⣬ȴûأЦϣ˷顣 
΢˪ѾΪ 
ʱ򣬾Ծͻή͡ 
;ͻлɳˡ 
Ц֫ûһбԽԽǻݵĿ죬Խǻἤ˱Űһ棬ȡʱ䣬΢˪͡ 
ЦûлţгӰ 
һǰٲݣһݡ 
ҪεֻкطʱȸԾ 
ٲݺͬһʱˣ硪 
졣 
ǡ 
һֻ֡ 
΢˪֡ 
һֻԭӦЦ֡ 
Ц˲䣬ʧȥ˸ղϲõɣΪһˣǸ˲ʹ 
ǸʹַͬʹðǸʹĸ֣˾Բݡ 
Ȼݣ˭ 
ٲݺǸݣȻ֪Լ΢˪Ķ֣ǰٲΪݣۿЦǿˣһصİٲݣ˲һжϣҲΣյж 
΢˪ɾ衣 
ǵĶ㹻Ŀ졣 
΢˪ʱȷʵǷɾģֻǣڣǵĶ죬ٱ΢˪ĶǵĶͬţ 
΢˪ûгС 
ֻǿֻ֣һֻ֣һֻֻЦġ 
һֻѾ㹻㹻ֹٲǵϮҲ㹻ɱ˰ٲݺͼݡ 
˲䣬ٲݵʺѾ΢˪£ٽһ㣬ͻϢ 
ʱɫ֣΢˪ɿˣ֪磬Σյ磬о޶硣 
΢˪ó˵·Цӿ硣 
ٲݵСסˣЦҲ֪Ǹ˭ 
Ǹݳݵǡȡ 



 



63 
ԭտյǸ¥ðһˣµģµģԼµġ 
ãȻôȻѾ죬Ǹˣɱۣ 
΢˪˵ʱ΢Цŵģһֳɱ΢Ц 
е˶õЦͰѷԺ谭˶ɱˣû˷ˡ 
ٲûкԼܵˣֻڵģԼ᲻ġֻ֣ҲغԼǣ죬Ľˡ 
ȶѾû˿־壬ҲһԶò˵ҲһֺõĽѣֻҪĲԩܱȱܵǿ 
Ц²ؼӣ˴Ǳ΢ЦϿһ 
΢˪ҶҪɱô 
΢˪ĸɱ۸˵ڣǸ¥ſڵһˣ§ݣ滹ºһ·Ϸӡ 
ԭǽݹ٣ʹǽˣҪǽĳЦһĻĳҲġĳŽǲᷴԵġ 
ôȷϾҪǿҵĶӣҪɱ۵лҵ£ôȷҲᷴԣ 
΢˪ۿ󣺡ԣȷԾȲǣΪʧ㣬ǰݴ˳Ϊķһٴεǰɱˣ㲻ٶȵ㣬㣬ԣҵʤڣҿɱˣ㲻ܡ 
¿ҪЮ˵ˣܲˬ˵˲ɱˣѵҲɱɱţҪˣЩ³־Ϳˡ 
ӱҲ׳һ뵽ԼЩʵ书΢ӽʵսĦӳ׵ĶԼĹʧȥģҲգֻ˫۾ʼЦֻſĶİš 
ֵ书Ȼ˵ãֻǻûĳֵĳ̶ȡ 
΢˪˵⻰ʱһҲµ£ʶҲһˣҵĽ˴֪ 
ô˵һҪһܽ 
ѵ˶ѿ࣬ȻȰ΢˪ҲЩͷ֪ܷݣǰҲ׼㣬ȷʵǸµˡ 
ԸĻĳһ㡣 
ԥǸһѹֵĳĬʱ 
ЦͻȻðݣȻˣң 
64 
׳֣ʹʲôı 
˼׳֣˼׵ıʹ׵ıˣҲţֶȻǰ׵ı 
ʶ˵Ŀж̡֡ 
Ǽ˰׵ıʱǸоͿһ޸֮ͬġ 
Ϊ׵ıǡľ 
ȡ 
š 
ȴֲòš 
ϲɱˣϲѪΪɫ·մȾѪˡ 
һ˵Ķѡɱ˲ۼľΪСľУҶΪǰΪװεĽΪڰе˶û˿ڡ 
ϲĥ˵Ըͬ׵Ȼ͸аϲɱˡֱ˷ɱʱ̬֮ɱʱ 
һּµѪ֮ѣĿĺۣѪȾѣѪĽһȾ˼£һѪİףĿѣԡ 
ڿЩ֮ǰ׾֪Լǰģ룬Լɱ¾Ҳְݼڰɡ 
󣬰Լ׵һҹ 
Ұ㣬󣡡 
Զаһģ 
һҹ׺ˣƣ㰮һˣܰ㣬 
ʹǰ֪һûиˣûиôܻش⣬Ϊ˷йеᣬ׻ˡ 
Цţ˵ɣϾͻһʹģΪ˲Ҹ 
֪Щʲô浽ΪΪҹôģֻе˶ܰ˳ɡֻΪܰ 
Ȼƴ뿪ˣҲڱĿ񱩺ͲŰ֮뿪ˡ 
֪뿪죬һҲˡ 
뵽ǸڰƼ䣬ᱻİɣðƼưɡ 
׸оߵ׼ȥסЦĽҪȥݣоŴӵϴ 
ûһֻͬһżԸʵĶꡣ 
ǰĶ 
׶ԼĸоһֱǺܳʵģϣϼĵһԼΪеϾһܹ塣Լһ΢ĸ飬ҪԼͷԽԽǿңΪǡʴ 
ֻҪ˶ȳĸԸĳΪҵ 
׵ôġ 
65 
ȥˣ 
ݶصݿŰס 
Ҷ򲻹ȷܴ΢˪˳ľ𣿡 
򲻹ҲҪģһȵĳȴһҪȵģҲЩ̰֮ 
Цĺȣʧȴ򶨡 
±ç 
׺ǳݵʱѾ˾ 
Ҫǲܰ˾ȳĻͷſң 
ݼš 
ҳս΢˪ɣôһ᲻÷һˣֺ΢˪ģϾ΢˪ĵ̡ 
ݶٴǻһɬ 
һµİףչ˷һ³Ĺɡ 
΢˪˴ӷİ׺͸ݣҲȡ 
˵ˣȷʵǸ˽ĺӣ죬ҲܴǵеõЦԺҲϣЦǲֵģ˭ܴңҳпܴЦ 
˵תĺèڶô֪꣬ģڳЩˣκһУǧ򲻿öĳǵΪұҲϣഴĻҵҲһ󣬳λӾͽ̳С 
èˣ㲻ģЦˣǲΪġ 
΢˪̾˿ǰģ˵㲻Ϊұ𣡡 
èͬվĻѾ⡣ 
ڶģöĳΪ˱𣡡 
ڶô˵΢˪תЦЦ֪һʮİʮĸȴòһӦʱʹôûͬ㸸ʮԣҺͰһѡԻ٣ò㣬ҵõһȴʼջʹУʲôã 
ЦЦЦ΢Цֱ΢˪΢΢̾Ǻο࣬İ㣬Ҳ֪ϧô 
΢˪Ц֪˵İ㣬кγϧ㰮ݶϰң֪ɵģ˵Ͱ˵Ͳģ 
ƵЦ˵΢˪ʱҲֻʤΡ̧ͷݣܹ΢˪עӣ˿ЩݵˣݵԸͬ΢˪κλܰĻģҲֻܱܿʹ΢˪е⡣ 
˵ǸԻ顣 
ץݵģһݻ᲻ΪܹƵİ˴Ӧľ 
еȴڿ΢˪ľͬʱ뵽ΪһУие˴дůͷ 
˰׷ɣɶƺļܲΪѾų˷ɶƫʼˡ 
ٴοǸɫɫĴЦ뵽˾ɫɫЦԼİû΢˪Цôأ 
ҡҡͷ̷ԵͷӦôڰ׺΢˪վʱ򣬰ѱһİٲǽȳӵ 
ȶ65䣬׷ǰˣˣУԣ׷ɲԼ£ 
66 
׶΢˪˵ҲսǰѾ˱ĵ˾ 
΢˪˵ˣҲûбľģҸԸѡõЦⳡԶ˵ֻֽһǼţȻѾˣѡսȨûˡ 
ЦˣҲ֮ô˵ֻǲһɱײҵĽˡ 
΢˪ҲЦˣҲײҵĽأ 
̾񻰣ĸѾˣı˵ҲһȤ 
΢˪ǾǱԣ 
׵ԣǾǱԣ 
õǽ΢˪õҲǽõľ΢˪ȴǧ 
а״ӱϾȳ˿ 
ȳʵ΢˪ 
Ľʺô侲µĺۼǵĽδֻཻཻнǳĻö˿ŻţŵĻ 
׵ĽУһа⣬ӵľббĴ̳΢˪Ľεıã׵ĽʼնббĴ̳Ƕȣٶʼûиı䡣 
ԲӦ䣬ˣˣ΢˪Ľ·硣 
˿ţֻƶоȻôı仯ÿһֱ仯ʹˣѽССķԲУʾһ˾޵ĸо 
ڱ˴˽ǣУ֪һսʵ֮佣£Ӯ˭ڶԷѹм 
ʱսȦеУУֻб˴˵ĽûбĶ 
Ȼ书Χ۵ߵģȴЩģҲЩеģ˵ϷֻҪ˵ĽʼཻôⳡԾǵյ㡣 
֪Ǿ˵ʱˡ 
ֱֻһ֣΢˪£ȻΧľٶǲһ书΢꣬˵ߵġ 
Ҳһ飬ӼȻè꽻ˣôǡ 
û 
ڰǵעڱ벶ȸںеֻ룬ĻȸǺڶǣһˣһšҹɫˡ 
Ǹ˵ĹԲ֮£ȻҲǸµè֮£ļ󱻴ˡ 
е˶ʱ 
һ˰ݻ󣬵סЩˣΪ书Щߵģʮֵ΢˪ҪЩӰΪһ˵סЩΪٵˡ 
ºǸͻȻֵˣסЩꡣ 
˳굽˰ٲǵߣһذ׸ 
ӵЦߣЦˣ 
ЦҡҡͷԸ㲻ҪǲǴӦ˰ʲô 
ݵ˵ͷȻʲô鶼㡣 
Ц֪̾һˣһԼģҵǲϣ䣬ƪζǲھεģӦ˵ȴһصġ 
ݲЦԵ޷ 
67 
ܶᶼֻ˲䣬Ȼ΢˪ڰ׵Ľʱӻûиٲϵ 
ֻа֪΢˪ʧԼĽ£Ϊ˲䣬ˣԼĽп˺һЦ飬ˣҲ˲ʹģ˲ķɥ 
΢˪ˣûһ˿˿ڵĵˣ׵ĽѾ࣬׵ؿȴǱ͸ˣ΢˪ĽϣɼܹӮųսҲǸ˼Ĵۡ 
һƺⳡ˾޵ľнˡ 
һԭǸᣬһܽ⿪ġ顱ᡣ 
΢˪Ľ׵ʱ׵һûӴ˽壬ֻһ֮ʱףԭȻǣݳУһԭĹȴͻȻĿ 
΢˪ðһֶ򣬶԰Ķ˰ףͻȻŴʹнѵɡ 
ǡ 
һʲôûˣʹһֿա 
ԭ׼źͰƼһİףڻ˲ı뷨 
ݰΣֻҪţͿȡȡܱûһпҪϣĶࡣ 
οݴӦֻҪ˶ĳеЩˣ͸ذƼ䣬ū 
һسŵˣһȥġ 
ǻذƼ䣬Ҫĳŵ 
ϵĽûаγû˵ҪһγͱضʧѪࡣ 
ݿЦһۣЦҪˣ 
ЦȴЦˣȻǸֱִĴӣ˭˵ҪֿġҲƼˣȥƼ䣬ҾͲȥ𣿡 
Χ˻ûд΢˪ѾȥʵлָȴЦô˵ʱͬʱһͷƼҪɹˡ 
68 
ٲݺڱ˳ٲѡصݵߣ󣬲ǰ 
ˡûܰȥĹ 
ԭпȴûȻֻҵڶ˳λЩȴҲģѾȥҲԸԭңһȥͽɢ̣ڹЩǷǷǡ 
ȹز𣺡ΪʲôôΪʲô𣿡 
̾Ϊ¶뿪侲֮󣬻ᷢˣִڵĲԾ֪ˣһЩ飬ֻҲҪҶݲŻ֪ȻѾ˽ᣬǶȥɡƼ䣬Ҳ˸һ͵ʱˡ 
µһνӣˣҿɲذƼ䣬׼ͷɶطǰ֮ˣȻѾɢ̣ôҲȸˣԺõĵµĵطֻܷԸ 
˵꣬³˵ڶ뿪ˡ 
һ뿪˭һ뿪ǸӵĴšҹɫˡ 
ӿʼѰǸ˵ʱ򣬾ͷ鲻ԭΪղųǸǾǣ˵ʱŷ֣Ǹ˵ĸӾԲǾҪ뿪Ǹڡ 
ôôùأ 
ǸˣԶǸˣĳǵһжڼţûΪ˸˶ʾ˹ֵı 
ֻ˵ȴԶıһÿĲ¡ 
Ӻÿ챻͸֧¸е죬Ȼ֪ⲻ̫ܡ 
£ 
ô 
ǡõʹӹķǿ졪СΪͬıﱻǿԵĺʱ򡪡ôܣ 
ڲ߻еĵһһܼƻȻûСڵĻİ£Լ͸֧£졣 
ǣڰƼ䵽׻ᱻЦҳʲôӵĺ棬ʹסĲʣſȥ 
Ͼɹ飬ûмֻèɣСڵҷɣͱ˵ľ 
ƼûмҲûйԣʹȥˣҲɹĳ档οһһεץס֮ӵļƻʼûеóѡ 
ȻƼĿǰҲȷʵ֡ 
ף˻ûкãʺЩ˶ 
֪ǿЦˣƴСͺЦģôûԭôϲġ 
Ȼȷʵճŵٷݲڱ˲ 
һǸٲݣտʼҩȷʵ飬˸ɫô͸оҩԽԽأ 
ξЦ˵Ϊ˲ͣȫȨ¥飬ô£̫ء 
׵ǣݴЦڹؼʱðںݵ 
69 
죬ЦѾûа취йʹࡣ 
Ц˸߹㣬ú𣿡 
ЦȴһίӣףҲҵĳôԿǿҵأ 
ЦóЦݣϷ·Цһ仨 
̵֪ĺ࣬ҪҪйĻ 
Ц̧֣˸ײŽ 
ЦѸٵݣײ˸ȫľɫ 
ôľɫſԽһʱļʣá 
˵꣬뿪ˡ 
׻Ģ́˽ꡣ 
еۣһ˵ľǿǱЦѨԼµģ쿴Ҫƽˣ壬ԼѾ 



 



ЦǸܲԸ 
Цҡҡͷʹϲ׵ģֻǲԸⱻˡ 
Ц㻹ڹôҴӦ׵顣 
ЦҡҡͷһӰ׵жģϧһдۣͬ΢˪жңԸһͬġ 
ţ۾ɨݾϵǺۣҧȥ 
Ҳ㱻㱻֮ 
ȻҧĺۣȴǺ 
Ц´ΣҲóѵġȰٲݰƺˣҲ׼Υĵĳŵһܰɣ 
Ц̾Ҳǰ취Ƽ飬Ҫġ׵ǺöԸȴǡ. 
߹ңд̵ֶġ 
ǻҺСʱƻûа߸ףҪ룬Ҳǿһӵġ 
ʱ׵ֱһˣףôĲ̣ϲճƣƺҲϲңдӣҹ򣬽ˣ˵ҪܻĿģҪѧαװҪñ˿ģܻһ㡣 
Ұ⻰˵˵뷨Ȼûдȴ̫ۣ˵뷨Ҳüϡ 
ûмϣΪȴʼձӰš 
һֱңΪԿ͸κˣΪֹһǿ͸ҵһ˵ģʼղףһΪʲô 
̸ʱЦѵһݴδЦζ 
Цӵ뻳УЦЩ飬ҸطӰɣֻңҲֻ㣬ʲôնûˡ 
Ц˵ͷеȴδΪİοȥ 
ʱϵİӳƽգӵˡ 
70 
ա 
ƸϿգơ 
ƶ׺յʱʱȥĲá 
ϵҶɲͣƮ䣬·ԶҲ֪ƣ趯ѪһҶ 
ζī軨ڷеĵ֪ͣϢĵ 
ϵҶһ죬սᡣ 
ÿһƬҶ趯͸һ־һ 
ī軨ζɢʱ򣬱ǻήʱζҲͬ 
޵ҶУ˰޵ζУŸΪ޵Ľˡ 
Ʈ졣 
Ҷ׷ɡ 
͸Įİˡ 
ڶ 
轣 



 



Ƕ裬ǡ 
ԴԼһ̿ʼ鲻Լƿصˡ 
ɹԼеû֪ûҲĺᡣ 
ץļƷ밮˼ƷΪͽ˵ĺӡ 
ڶ˵ΡǰԸȥŰ֪ʲôͶһ壬ˣûнͶ·£˻Ƶһӡ 
˵У˶ħ 
ʱͬһˣΪ۸ɫ۾˻죬е˶ָħӴˣҲûзŭʼպܺõĿԼ 
Ͱ׵Ĳ̶ӦùڻƵĽ̵ɡ 
Ǹ²̵ˣѧ϶Ͱ׷ǳϸһֱǻ׵ܵ°Ӱ졣 
˰Ƽ˶ӵĳ֮ɵϲ 
ۻεĹ°޺εĿˣεĴѡ 
ڰǰÿ˶ƽȵġ 
ûӹһ١ 
żȻ峤̳дε峤졪һͬΪһеˡ 
ǣʼպܺõĿԼ֪ԼĵһҲΨһһ 
ƵİѾǱ˵ˡ 
֮󣬻Ϊˣ˻˷ŭˣ԰Ƽ䡣 
һ죬ʧȥ˺Ŀ 
ҲðƼȴӵĲ뿴Ի١ 
ҵһۼʱ֪ˣң֪ΪʲôҪ壬㸸ô 
Ļˡ 
֪㰮ƣҲϣһִİƼˣԣҪӦһ飬ҲԴӦһ顣 
һ֣ΪʲôԼȥҪ顣 
ΪʧȥѾˣΨһһˡ 
71 
º͵Цţ¶Цš 
֪ûѡأ㶼Ѿҵһˣһѡôʲô鶼Ѿ֪ˡֻûܹ͸δ㵽ʲôֱ˵˰ɡ 
ָ֪ġʴֻҪݵĺӾǡʴΪǰΨһĺӡͬʱҵĺӣҲѪͳ˲˴ѪͳġʴôеĻͲֹˡ 
ο佫һźˣ֪źˣĺҲµ 
మĻǸźĺӾûа취ˡ 
һԾͿʼϲȻֻǸӤȴҲϲ 
Ϊ˽һУһҪֹ˵మǸźĺӳ֮ǰһҪֹһ 
еȵˡʴõԼҸɣҿǸӽܺܶĿ࣬ϾҲҵĺ˰ 
ãҴӦ㣬ǣҲĳŵ 
ףҲûΪѳģкܶסɣһǰҲһԼġ 
û뿪ˡ 
Ǵһ쿪ʼһУĹȥĽɵ΢ЦǸӵ飬̣ȴòκεĸоһȨûеˣֻΪסǸŵ 
ֻѹԼĸ飬ǻʧĸоԼ飬Ҳеĸ鶼Ǹ˵ʧʧ˰ɡ 
֮һУõģģƵģģʴȵģ̵ģֻΪǸŵѣţŵɵһ죬Ҳҵƣټһۡ 
񣬡ʴ͡Ĳ߻еһʹˣÿȥѰǸˡ 
ڹʡ 
ҶȴȻڷ׷ɣͣס轣ΪԺв֪ʱһˡ 
ƣʵһֱڰǵİɣڰݵͷʱþȥ㵱ڰƼжʱϢʱð֪аƼĳҲ֪ģôƣΪʲôҪô 
ЦźƽʱЩͬƣ׷š 
Ϊʲô˽ҵģκ鶼ûɵġ 
ƣƭҵģҸϰֵʱ鷿ĻԿûбվ֡ơʱҾ֪Բһûиˡ 
ȻҲΪʲôҪԸʹ࣬ޣ׽˶ԭ㡣֪һԭģҲŻԸⲻʱĻƼ㡣 
ҪЦôҸ㣬ֻһΪԼܰˣһܰˣֻΪҲܡ 



 



˳ԶЦҲԶıʣܶ黹ǳΪձȽϺá 
ŽʧںҶеƣЦȴоҪȫʧһʧڰƼ䣬ʧ䣬ԶȥıӰô翡 



 



ͥҪһ뿪ô 
Щ᲻ðϾǴôõĵط 
᲻ǵòɣԺԼѡɣԺûˡ 
ˣһ˿ǣңɵķ·մзɳС 
ͥ̾˿ȥķ׷˹ȥ 



 



72end 
ƸĺҶһҹ֮価ˡ 
Ƹīһҹ֮ήˡ 
뻨·ž͡ 
ûзƻЦݵսֻѾūݣߵʱѰ׸͸ݣǸˡ 
ÿδӰƼȥߵ֦ӳ̣˵ɢӺ֮ɪӳˡ 
ЦҴκ鶼ΥģȴһҾöԲġ 
ЦӳôҿɾԲҵ㱻κ˸ˣȻѾҵˣô붼ˣǲֶԴģҪϲҵˣҲϲҾҪεĻھֻʣεʱˣﻹʲôʱ˵ 
Щյ˵Ҫǰףʵе㷳ˡ 
ЦĺԽĲˣЩĵҪϣҹĻҾͰѰ׵⳹׵ĽˡΣ 
ֺֺЦЦԭ㻹ڽǴ飬㲻ǲκҵôͷð׼ɧأ 
ЦҲż㲻Ӧô㡣 
ЦҪ黹ÿɹģĺء 



 



ݱ˴ϣȫ㣬ǰ׵Ľ 
ɰ˺صɢ˵϶ãĿԼĳɹá 
Ǹ֮ȻЦ 
ЦĦÿһŬĿţе˷ӦϾԼţӦʵǺѡ 
Ц۾ɨ˰׼Щߣû뵽Ҳ֪ϧˣ׼ôȫݸ磬ģҲõġ 
˵꣬Цݵ˫ȣָݾѨխС 
̫ˡ 
üͷЦָͿд࣬ٴ롣Цָסݵķ 
ڵָѾӵ,ϵ벢Сȵĳš 
~ 
Ϊڵĳһ㱻ĽЦţ¶ЩаЦݣָƶšȫȳΪĻȡ 
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Ц˸ƼĶһһߵĽ 
İ׳Ѫһ鶼ˡ 
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